Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants according to tertiles of DASH and MED dietary patterns1
| MED | DASH | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (n = 1771) | T2 (n = 1181) | T3 (n = 1788) | P-value2 | T1 (n = 1475) | T2 (n = 1840) | T3 (n = 1425) | P-value2 | |
| Sex | 0.01* | 0.01* | ||||||
| Male | 62.3 (1104) | 61.1 (722) | 57.6 (1030) | 62.6 (923) | 57 (1049) | 62 (884) | ||
| Female | 37.7 (667) | 38.9 (459) | 42.4 (758) | 37.4 (552) | 43 (791) | 38 (541) | ||
| Age (year) | 0.10 | 0.01* | ||||||
| 30-39 | 7.1 (126) | 6.8 (80) | 6.5 (116) | 7.4 (109) | 7.5 (138) | 5.3 (75) | ||
| 40-49 | 48.2 (854) | 48.6 (574) | 45.6 (815) | 54.8 (809) | 46.4 (853) | 40.8 (581) | ||
| 50-59 | 29.5 (522) | 29.2 (345) | 31 (555) | 26 (384) | 30.5 (561) | 33.5 (477) | ||
| ≥ 60 | 15.2 (269) | 15.4 (182) | 16.9 (302) | 11.7 (173) | 15.7 (288) | 20.5 (292) | ||
| BMI | 0.36 | 0.42 | ||||||
| Normal | 28.2 (501) | 33.0 (390) | 27.9 (500) | 30.5 (450) | 31.0 (590) | 28.0 (500) | ||
| Overweight | 33.5 (594) | 25.4 (301) | 32.2 (630) | 33.4 (494) | 31.5 (600) | 35.7 (510) | ||
| Obese | 31.1 (552) | 41.0 (485) | 29.6 (531) | 27.1 (401) | 26.6 (506) | 39.2 (559) | ||
| Married status | 0.03* | 0.80 | ||||||
| Single | 25.9 (458) | 25.1 (297) | 25.2 (450) | 24.4 (360) | 26.1 (480) | 25.6 (365) | ||
| Married | 62.1 (1099) | 59.4 (702) | 60.9 (1089) | 62.4 (921) | 59.8 (1100) | 61 (869) | ||
| Divorced | 11.3 (208) | 14.8 (175) | 13.3 (237) | 12.8 (185) | 13.7 (253) | 12.8 (183) | ||
| Education | 0.08 | 0.26 | ||||||
| Illiterate | 29.4 (521) | 29 (343) | 28.7 (513) | 27.1 (399) | 29.9 (550) | 30 (428) | ||
| Primary school | 19.7 (349) | 19.9 (235) | 19.1 (342) | 20.7 (306) | 19.2 (354) | 18.7 (266) | ||
| Diploma3 | 23 (408) | 24.8 (293) | 22.6 (404) | 25 (369) | 22.8 (419) | 22.2 (317) | ||
| University | 26.9 (393) | 26.2 (310) | 29.7 (527) | 19.9 (280) | 18.3 (316) | 29.1 (414) | ||
| Smoking | 0.33 | 0.01* | ||||||
| No | 73 (1292) | 72.1 (852) | 73.9 (1321) | 75 (1028) | 74.4 (1368) | 69.7 (1069) | ||
| Yes | 25.3 (448) | 26.3 (311) | 23.8 (425) | 28.9 (427) | 23.6 (435) | 22.6 (322) | ||
| Physical activity | 0.69 | 0.40 | ||||||
| Sedentary | 39.2 (502) | 29.8 (564) | 31.8 (446) | 27.3 (380) | 36.3 (663) | 35.5 (507) | ||
| Moderate | 33.5 (494) | 34.3 (613) | 32.9 (472) | 33.5 (494) | 33.3 (613) | 33.1 (446) | ||
| Active | 27.3 (380) | 36.3 (663) | 35.5 (507) | 39.2 (502) | 29.8 (564) | 31.8 (446) | ||
| Social-economic status | 0.28 | 0.36 | ||||||
| Poor | 25.8 (381) | 26.9 (494) | 33.5 (478) | 33.5 (478) | 28.8 (381) | 26.9 (494) | ||
| Moderate | 33.4 (492) | 37 (683) | 32.3 (460) | 32.3 (460) | 33.4 (492) | 37 (683) | ||
| Good | 37.4 (552) | 36.3 (663) | 34.2 (487) | 34.2 (487) | 37.4 (552) | 36.3 (663) | ||
| Total energy intake | 0.16 | 0.27 | ||||||
| 800-2225 | 28.2 (500) | 28.9 (342) | 22.5 (403) | 24.3 (359) | 24.6 (453) | 30.1 (430) | ||
| 2225-3650 | 18.2 (324) | 19 (225) | 22.7 (406) | 23.7 (350) | 19.9 (367) | 25.2 (360) | ||
| 3650-5075 | 22.7 (403) | 26.2 (310) | 22.2 (398) | 30.7 (453) | 25.4 (468) | 22.4 (320) | ||
| 5075-6500 | 18.2 (490) | 21.6 (256) | 23.8 (427) | 21 (310) | 22.9 (423) | 21.5 (307) | ||
1Data are reported as a percent (number). T1: first tertile; T2: second tertile; T3: third tertile
2Chi-squared test
3Diploma: middle school diploma, and high school diploma
*Values with distinct superscripts are significantly different at P < 0.05