Figure 4. The four Lactobacillus species upregulate different carbohydrate metabolism functions during gut colonization of gnotobiotic bees.

(A) Lhel, (B) Lmel, (C) Lkul, (D) Lapi. Only enzymes and transporters that are upregulated in a species-specific manner in the pollen treatment versus the sugar water treatment are shown. The figure is not exhaustive, but highlights the main differences that could be identified based on gene annotations among all differentially regulated genes (Supplementary file 6). Glycosidases belonging to different CAZyme families are represented by different colors. ABC: ABC transporters, PTS: phosphotransferase system transporters. Numbers indicate EC numbers of upregulated enzymatic steps.