Table 3.

Improvement^* From Baseline for Each Completed Case Cohort One to Four Years Postactivation.

	Follow‐up period	One‐year completed case cohort	Two‐year completed case cohort	Three‐year completed case cohort	Four‐year completed case cohort	Standard deviation
∆NRS	One year	2.4	2.6	2.7	2.6	0.14
	Two years		2.7	2.8	2.8	0.08
	Three years			3.3	3.2	0.10
	Four years				3.5	‐
∆ODI	One year	14.3	16.4	17.1	17.4	1.39
	Two years		17.0	17.9	18.9	0.95
	Three years			19.7	20.3	0.37
	Four years				22.2	‐
∆EQ‐5D	One year	0.219	0.247	0.245	0.235	0.01
	Two years		0.244	0.256	0.263	0.01
	Three years			0.288	0.286	0.00
	Four years				0.285	‐

This shows, for example, from left to right, the mean change in NRS at one year from baseline for the one‐year completed cohort (n = 47), the two‐year completed cohort (n = 39), the three‐year completed cohort (n = 37), and the four‐year completed cohort (n = 33) followed by the standard deviation of those four means.

^* Positive values represent the magnitude of the improvement in outcome over baseline.