Table 1.

IV estimates of primary schooling, reading, and basic education.

	Fertility	Child survival	Women's empowerment	Financial behaviors index
Basic education, linear combination of primary schooling and reading (mean, RE meta- analysis weights)	−1.238	0.077	0.684	0.893
Std. Error of mean coefficient	0.088	0.007	0.084	0.128
Absolute value, ratio mean to std. err.	14.07	11.00	8.14	6.98
20th percentile of distribution of results	−2.542	−0.002	−0.01	0.354
80th percentile of distribution of results	−0.158	0.179	1.922	1.81
Ratio of IV estimate of basic education to OLS estimate of primary schooling (without controlling for reading)	3.76	3.35	4.68	3.20
Ratio of IV estimate of basic education to OLS estimate of basic education	3.32	2.85	3.54	1.78
Schooling (mean, RE meta-analysis weights)	−0.541	0.029	0.117	0.437
Std. Error of mean coefficient	0.121	0.01	0.108	0.093
Absolute value, ratio mean to std. err.	4.47	2.90	1.08	4.70
20th percentile of distribution of results	−2.359	−0.078	−0.804	−0.686
80th percentile of distribution of results	0.967	0.154	1.451	0.758
Reading (mean, RE meta-analysis weights)	−0.566	0.032	0.538	0.368
Std. Error of mean coefficient	0.119	0.011	0.128	0.158
Absolute value, ratio mean to std. err.	4.76	2.91	4.20	2.33
20th percentile of distribution of results	−2.27	−0.078	−1.004	−0.396
80th percentile of distribution of results	0.905	0.22	1.525	2.416
Ratio of reading coefficient to primary schooling	1.05	1.10	4.60	0.84
Number of survey rounds	128	128	67	10

Note: Regressions contain controls for age, age squared, age cubed, asset index, a rural/urban dummy, and dummies for regions. Schooling coefficients have been scaled to reflect primary school (six years) completion; reading coefficients are scaled to reflect going from no reading to reading without help.