Table 3.

The highest optimal cost of increasing learning relative to schooling (cost of achieving one additional year set to 1) given the estimated pathways to outcomes.

Illustrative case	Base case	Low learning	High learning	Low schooling	High schooling
Schooling years	6	6	6	3	9
Reading gain per year of schoolin (on 0 to 2 scale)	0.22	0.11	0.33	0.22	0.22
Fertility	11.1	14.0	9.3	5.6	16.7
Child survival	11.5	14.5	9.5	5.7	17.2
Empowerment	20.5	32.9	14.9	10.3	30.8
Financial behavior	9.7	11.9	8.3	4.9	14.6
Average of the four life outcomes	13.2	18.3	10.5	6.6	19.8

Note: This is Eq. (12) using unscaled coefficients from Table 1. The cost of increasing school attainment by one year is normalized to 1.