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. 2021 Sep 8;11:673194. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.673194

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Copyright © 2021 Yan, Feng, Yin, Huang, Kong, Lin, Zhang, Feng, Zhou, Cao and Xia

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis of pfdhfr and pfdhps SNPs. For the pfdhfr gene, the single amino acid mutations were N51I, C59R, and S108N, respectively. Likewise, pfdhps gene are related to the mutations S436A, A437G, K540E, and A613S, respectively. The dark and light red squares indicate a linkage that was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Cambridge blue squares indicate a linkage that is present but is not statistically significant (P > 0.05). A white square with indicates that no linkage is present.