Table 4.

Formal and informal care use before and during the lockdown by residency of caregivers (N = 105)

	Co-residing caregivers (n = 46)			Visiting caregivers (n = 59)			P-valuea
	Pre- lockdown	Lockdown	P-valueb	Pre- lockdown	Lockdown	P-valueb
Formal care hours in a month
Home nursing	2.0 (4.3)	0.8 (3.1)	0.002	11.7 (12.4)	5.3 (12.1)	< 0.001	0.005
Home help	0.4 (1.3)	0.01 (0.3)	0.235	1.1 (2.3)	0.5 (1.1)	< 0.001	0.287
Daycare	15.1 (25.6)	0	< 0.001	15.8 (26.2)	0	< 0.001	0.879
Total formal care	17.4 (26.5)	0.8 (3.3)	< 0.001	28.6 (31.1)	5.8 (12.7)	< 0.001	0.265
Informal care days in a month
IADL	26.6 (8.9)	27.4 (7.5)	0.962	11.3 (9.6)	9.5 (8.7)	0.412	0.280
ADL	10.3 (13.8)	18.1 (14.1)	0.050	4.3 (8.1)	6.2 (10.9)	0.322	0.035
Supervision	13.0 (14.8)	20.9 (13.4)	0.004	6.2 (10.6)	15.0 (13.1)	0.001	0.773

N = total sample, n number of patients, IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, ADL Basic Activities of Daily Living

^aWelch’s unequal variance t-test was used to compare the change between caregiver groups by residency

^bWilcoxon Signed-Rank test was used to compare change between time use in pre- and lockdown period