TABLE 2.
Effect of periodontitis on metabolic syndrome
| Authors | Cross‐sectional (CS) or longitudinal (L) | Duration | Age of patients (y) | Number of patients |
Metabolic syndrome parameters |
Periodontitis parameters |
Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kushiyama et al47 | CS | 40 to 70 | 1070 | Obesity, BP, HDL, TG, and FPG |
CPI |
The higher the number of metabolic syndrome components, the higher the odds ratio of having more severe periodontitis | |
| Morita et al40 | L | 4 y | 20 to 56, mean: 37.3 | 1023 |
BP, TG, HDL, TC, FPG, and BMI |
CPI |
Periodontal pockets were associated with a positive conversion of metabolic‐syndrome components |
| Nesbitt et al10 | CS | mean: 56.8 ± 12.7 | 190 |
BP, WC, TG, and FPG |
ABL | Alveolar bone loss is associated with metabolic syndrome | |
| Lopez et al73 | L | 1 y | 35 to 65 | 165 | Abd obesity, TG, HDL, BP, and FPG |
≥4 teeth with ≥ 4mm and CAL of ≥ 3mm |
Reduction of periodontal inflammation either with scaling and root planing and systemic antibiotics or with plaque control and subgingival scaling reduces CRP levels after 9 mo in patients with metabolic syndrome |
| Kim et al300 | CS | 50 to 94 | 5078 | BMI, WC, BP, FPG, HDL, and TG |
PD and CAL |
Increasing the severity of periodontitis was associated with the risk of prevalent metabolic syndrome in Korean adults |
Abbreviations: Abd, abdominal; ABL, alveolar bone level; BMI, body mass index (kg/m2); BP, blood pressure; CAL, clinical attachment level; CPI, community periodontal index; CRP, C‐reactive protein; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; PD, probing depth; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; WC, waist circumference.