. 2021 Jul 4;144(3):288–299. doi: 10.1111/acps.13335

TABLE 2.

Response rates in control conditions, relative risks of psychotherapies, and numbers‐needed‐to‐be‐treated and response at longer follow‐up

	Response rate in control group					Psychotherapy versus control
	N	Rate	95% CI	I ²	95% CI	N	RR	95% CI	I ²	95% CI	NNT	95% CI
Care‐as‐usual (vs. therapy)
All studies	79	0.17	0.15~0.20	74	68~79	83	2.12	1.80~2.50	62	52~70	5.3	3.9~7.4
Completers only	79	0.19	0.16~0.22	74	68~79	83	2.17	1.85~2.55	61	51~70	4.5	3.4~6.2
All drop‐outs responders	79	0.25	0.21~0.28	81	77~85	83	1.94	1.68~2.24	67	59~74	4.3	3.2~5.9
Outliers excluded	66	0.16	0.14~0.18	24	0~44	75	2.14	1.85~2.48	41	22~56	5.5	4.2~7.4
Only low risk of bias	28	0.21	0.16~0.26	81	74~87	29	1.79	1.36~2.34	59	38~73	6.0	3.6~13.2
Adj. for publication bias	108	0.24	0.21~0.28	79	74~82	113	1.43	1.16~1.78	73	67~77	9.7	5.3~26.0
Only reported	10	0.16	0.09~0.27	85	73~91	10	2.17	1.42~3.30	48	0~75	5.3	2.7~14.9
Waitlist (vs. therapy)
All studies	92	0.16	0.14~0.18	56	44~65	102	2.61	2.29~2.98	40	24~53	3.9	3.2~4.8
Completers only	92	0.17	0.15~0.19	53	41~63	102	2.74	2.40~3.13	45	31~57	3.4	2.8~4.2
All drop‐outs responders	92	0.21	0.19~0.24	64	55~71	102	2.42	2.12~2.77	50	37~60	3.4	2.7~4.3
Outliers excluded	83	0.16	0.15~0.18	0	0~25	96	2.65	2.35~2.98	0	0~24	3.8	3.2~4.6
Only low risk of bias	28	0.18	0.15~0.21	61	42~74	29	2.09	1.69~2.58	47	19~66	5.1	3.5~8.1
Adj. for publication bias	125	0.20	0.18~0.23	62	54~69	143	1.87	1.56~2.23	51	41~60	5.7	4.1~8.9
Only reported	6	0.22	0.06~0.53	89	79~94	7	3.13	1.19~8.23	75	47~88	2.1	0.6~23.9
Pill placebo (vs. therapy)^a, ^b, ^c
All studies	7	0.31	0.23~0.40	70	33~86	8	1.48	1.14~1.93	42	0~74	6.7	3.5~23.0
Completers only	7	0.33	0.26~0.42	61	11~83	8	1.65	1.19~2.28	66	28~84	4.7	2.4~15.9
All drop‐outs responders	7	0.37	0.30~0.46	62	14~84	8	1.59	1.18~2.15	69	34~85	4.6	2.4~15.0
Outliers excluded	6	0.28	0.23~0.33	0	0~58	8	1.48	1.14~1.93	42	0~74	7.4	3.8~25.5
Only low risk of bias	3	0.34	0.21~0.52	88	65~96	3	1.12	0.84~1.49	0	0~75	24.5	n.s.
Adj. for publication bias	9	0.35	0.26~0.44	72	46~86	12	1.20	0.89~1.62	62	28~80	14.3	n.s.
Response at follow‐up^d
≥3 and ≤6 months (WL)	14	0.13	0.09~0.19	49	5~72	14	3.24	2.32~4.53	24	0~59	3.4	2.2~5.8
>3 and <6 months (CAU)	23	0.21	0.17~0.26	60	37~75	23	1.61	1.32~1.96	44	8~66	7.8	5.0~14.9
6–8 months	47	0.26	0.23~0.30	71	60~78	49	1.47	1.29~1.68	44	22~60	8.2	5.7~13.3
9–12 months	28	0.28	0.22~0.35	88	84~91	30	1.38	1.19~1.61	52	27~68	9.4	5.9~18.8
13–24 months	5	0.29	0.18~0.42	69	20~88	5	1.59	0.98~2.60	17	0~83	5.8	n.s

^{^a}

No outliers were detected for the RR in pill placebo (one for the response rate in the placebo group).

^{^b}

Response rates for pill placebo were reported in only one study (with 2 comparisons); results not included in the table.

^{^c}

p for difference between control conditions is <0.001.

^{^d}

Response rates for waitlist were not available after 6‐month follow‐up. Only two studies reported outcomes at longer than 24‐month follow‐up.