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. 2021 Sep 8;13:689939. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.689939

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Copyright © 2021 Hu, Huang, Ma, Li, Zhao, Zheng, Li, Wang, Sun and Shi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Serum PACAP and VIP levels in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and in healthy controls. (A) Lower serum PACAP levels were detected in PD patients than in healthy controls. (B) Lower serum VIP levels were detected in PD patients than in healthy controls. Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. ^∗∗∗P < 0.001. PACAP, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide.