Table 5.
Univariate differences between dead and survivors among patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease-2019 and congenital heart disease
| Characteristics | Mean±SD or n (%) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Death (n=13) | Survived (n=81) | ||
| Mean age (months) | 26.8±44.2 | 90.9±149.5 | 0.07 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 10 (20.4) | 39 (79.6) | 0.07 |
| Female | 3 (6.7) | 42 (93.3) | |
| Socioeconomic class | |||
| Upper and middle | 3 (6.1) | 46 (93.9) | 0.04 |
| Lower middle and lower | 10 (22.2) | 35 (77.8) | |
| Type of CHD | |||
| Obstructive lesions | 1 (8.3) | 11 (91.7) | 0.30 |
| Acyanotic CHD | 2 (6.5) | 29 (93.6) | |
| Cyanotic CHD | 7 (17.9) | 32 (82.1) | |
| Acquired heart disease | 3 (25.0) | 9 (75.0) | |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 8 (15.4) | 44 (84.6) | 0.77 |
| Fever | 5 (20.0) | 20 (80.0) | 0.32 |
| Cyanosis | 10 (25.0) | 30 (75.0) | 0.01 |
| Tachypnea | 10 (38.5) | 16 (61.5) | <0.001 |
| Shock at presentation | 7 (63.6) | 4 (36.4) | <0.001 |
| Need for intubation | 9 (69.2) | 4 (30.8) | <0.001 |
| ARDS | 6 (85.7) | 1 (14.3) | <0.001 |
| SpO2 (%) | 80.9±11.5 | 90.4±8.4 | <0.001 |
| Severity of illness | |||
| Not severe | 4 (5.1) | 78 (94.9) | <0.001 |
| Severe | 9 (72.7) | 3 (27.3) | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.5±2.2 | 13.2±3.4 | 0.65 |
| Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio | 2.8±1.4 | 1.1±1.0 | 0.001 |
| Platelets (lakhs/mm3) | 2.5±1.4 | 2.6±1.0 | 0.41 |
| Serum creatinine | 1.1±1.0 | 0.4±0.3 | 0.10 |
| Surgery during index hospitalization | 3 (15.8) | 16 (84.2) | 0.72 |
CHD: Congenital heart disease, ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, SD: Standard deviation, SpO2: Oxygen saturation