Table 1:

Recent Studies Using Pharmacological Inhibitors/Mediators to Investigate the Role of MAPKs in Hepatic injury/Disease.

Pharmacological Inhibitors/mediators of MAPK	Hepatic Injury/Disease model	Phenotype	MAPK Expression	References
SB203580 (p38 MAPK)	Mouse model of dengue virus-induced liver injury	Improved hematological parameters, histopathology and apoptosis. Reduced expression of TNFα, IL-6 and IL-10	No change in P38 MAPK phosphorylation but reduced phosphorylation of both MAPKAPK2 and ATF-2	[48]
U0126 (ERK MAPK)	Spred-2 knockout mice fed high fat diet	Decreased inflammatory cytokine response and adipose inflammation	Inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway	[49]
U0126 (ERK MAPK)	LDLR knockout mice fed high fat diet	Reduced atherosclerosis, triglyceride overproduction, de novo lipogenesis	Inhibition of MEK/ERK pathway	[50]
SP600125 (JNK MAPK)	Acetaminophen-induced liver injury in Nrf2 knockout mice	Upregulation of antioxidant response element genes and inhibited Nrf2 phosphorylation	Inhibition of JNK phosphorylation	[51]
SP600125 (JNK MAPK)	CCl4 or acetaminophen-induced liver injury in JNK1 and JNK1/2 hepatocyte specific knockout mice	Protection from acute liver injury	Inhibition of JNK phosphorylation	[52]
SP600125 (JNK MAPK)	Mice model of portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy	Downregulation of hepatocellular regeneration and Indian Hedgehog signaling	Inhibition of JNK1 phosphorylation	[53]
SB203580 (p38 MAPK), SP600125 (JNK MAPK), PD98059(ERK MAPK)	Diethylnitrosamine (to induce fibrosis) and salvianolic acid B (to alleviate fibrosis) were injected into mice intraperitoneally	Alleviated liver fibrosis, decreased fibrotic marker protein expression Collagen 1, TGFβ1, a-SMA) and improved histopathological features	Decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and P38 MAPK	[54]