Table 2.
Summary of evidence for the association of HBV infection with STIs
| Outcome | Number of data points | Prevalence Ratio (95% CI); pooled if ≥2 studies | I2 (Q test p-value) | References (distinguishing characteristic for studies with >1 outcome) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HBV surface antigen (HBsAg ) | ||||
| Syphilis – Current | 6 | 6.76 (2.10–21.76) | 91.4% (0.00) | Hennessey 2009; Miranda 2001; Parazzini 1992 (TPHA); Parazzini 1992 (VDRL); Zou 2009 (First-time donors); Zou 2009 (Repeat donors) |
| Syphilis – Past | 1 | 2.36 (1.36–4.08) | N/A | Carmo 2014 |
| Chlamydia / gonorrhea – Current | 1 | 2.0 (0.93–4.32) | N/A | Hart 1992 |
| Unspecified STIs – Past | 5 | 1.65 (1.08–2.52) | 73.6% (0.004) | Carmo 2014; Miranda 2001; Souto 2001; van Duynhoven 1997; Weinbaum 2008 |
| HBV core antibodies (anti-HBc) | ||||
| Syphilis – Current | 7 | 1.82 (1.60– 2.06) | 84.0%; (0.00) | Bratos 1993; Corona 1993; Fiscus 1994; Hakre 2013; Hennessey 2009; Juarez-Figueroa 1998; Oliviera 2001 |
| Syphilis – Past | 6 | 1.48 (1.10–1.99) | 97.6%; (0.00) | Carmo 2014; Deininger 1990; Tien 2004 (PWID); Tien 2004 (No illicit drugs); Tien 2004 (Non- PWID); Weinstock 1993 |
| Chlamydia / gonorrhea – Past | 8 | 1.30 (1.02–1.66) | 92.3%; (0.00) | Corona 1996; Tien 2004 (No illicit drug); Tien 2004 (Chlamydia, PWID); Tien 2004 (Chlamydia, No illicit drug); Tien 2004 (Chlamydia, non-PWID); Tien 2004 (Gonorrhea, PWID); Tien 2004 (Gonorrhea, non-PWID); Weinstock 1993 |
| Unspecified STIs – Current | 4 | 1.42 (1.23–1.63) | 42.4% (0.00) | Corona 1991 (non-IDU heterosex).; Corona 1991 (non-IDU homosex.); Oliviera 2001; Oliviera 2001 clinic |
| HBsAg or anti-HBc; combined | ||||
| Syphilis – Current | 7 | 1.69 ( 1.39–2.07 | 96.1% (0.00) | Lama 2010; Moura 2015; Pando 2006; Rosenblum 1990; Rosenblum 1992; Segura 2010; Zocratto 2010 |
| Syphilis – Past | 3 | 1.51 (0.89–1.52) | 95.0% (0.00) | Levine 1995; Remis 2000; Rosenblum 1990 |
| Chlamydia / gonorrhea – Current | 2 | 1.15 (0.77–1.62) | 15.3% (0.28) | Barrett 1992 (more STIs); Barrett 1992 (fewer STIs) |
| Chlamydia / gonorrhea – Past | 2 | 1.73 (1.48–2.01) | 0.0% (0.58) | Remis 2000; Rosenblum 1990 |
| Unspecified STIs – Past | 8 | 1.89 (1.52–2.37) | 45.1% (0.08) | Baddour 1988; El Maerrawi 2005; Hwang 2000; Matos 2008; Oliveira 2015; Pando 2006; Pando 2008; Seage 1997 |