Table 3.

Hazard ratios for primary and secondary endpoints by age class (starts)

Endpoints	Young adults	Older adults
	18–49 y	≥50 y	50–59 y	60–69 y	≥70 y		P trend
No. at risk	4,663	7,185	2,470	2,263	2,452
Primary endpoints
Total mortality
No. of deaths	144	2,802	322	736	1,744
Hazard ratio	0.76	1.09	1.35	1.16	1.07	0.79	0.023
95% confidence interval	0.55–1.06	1.04–1.14	1.13–1.61	1.06–1.29	1.01–1.12
P value	0.110	<0.001	0.001	0.003	0.018
All cardiovascular endpoint
No. of endpoints	115	1,978	283	502	1,193
Hazard ratio	0.67	1.11	1.46	1.17	1.08	0.74	0.034
95% confidence interval	0.47–0.96	1.06–1.17	1.22–1.74	1.05–1.30	1.02–1.15
P value	0.027	<0.001	<0.001	0.006	0.009
Secondary endpoints
Cardiovascular mortality
No. of deaths	24	1,078	104	235	739
Hazard ratio	0.33	1.14	1.54	1.36	1.08	0.70	0.25
95% confidence interval	0.11–0.75	1.07–1.22	1.15–2.07	1.16–1.59	0.99–1.17
P value	0.008	<0.001	0.004	<0.001	0.050
Coronary endpoints
No. of endpoints	63	869	153	211	505
Hazard ratio	0.65	1.17	1.41	1.15	1.18	0.83	0.450
95% confidence interval	0.40–1.04	1.09–1.26	1.12–1.78	0.97–1.36	1.08–1.28
P value	0.073	<0.001	0.003	0.090	<0.001
Stroke
No. of endpoints	40	806	99	232	475
Hazard ratio	1.06	1.12	1.43	1.23	1.08	0.75	0.014
95% confidence interval	0.61–1.86	1.03–1.22	1.03–1.98	1.03–1.46	0.98–1.19
P value	0.820	0.006	0.032	0.020	0.132

Hazard ratios were adjusted cohort, sex, and baseline characteristics including age, body mass index, 24-hour mean arterial pressure, 24-hour heart rate, smoking and drinking, serum cholesterol, antihypertensive drug intake, history of cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Hazard ratio expresses the relative risk associated with a 1-SD increment (10 mm Hg) in pulse pressure. Δ is e powered to the difference of the proportional hazards on the natural logarithmic scale in participants ≥70 years minus 50–59 years. P_trend is the significance of the trend in the hazard ratios across age groups in older adults derived from an interaction term in the Cox models.