Table 1.
Prognostic characteristics of the study patients.
| Characteristics | RFS p-value HR (95% CI) |
OS p-value HR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and history | |||
| Age* | 65 (12) | 0.144 1.1 (1.0-1.2) |
0.005 1.2 (1.1-1.4) |
| Male | 271 (73%) |
0.002 1.6 (1.2-2.1) |
< 0.001 1.8 (1.3-2.5) |
| Child Pugh class B | 7 (2%) |
0.028 2.3 (1.1-4.9) |
< 0.001 4.0 (1.9-8.5) |
| Primary liver disease | 0.846# 1.0 (0.8-1.2) |
0.168# 0.8 (0.6-1.1) |
|
| Hepatitis B | 93 (25%) | ||
| Hepatitis C | 68 (18%) | ||
| Hepatitis B + C | 6 (2%) | ||
| Alcoholic | 40 (11%) | ||
| Hemochromatosis | 6 (2%) | ||
| None | 157 (42%) | ||
| Metabolic syndrome | 101 (27%) | 0.741 1.0 (0.8-1.4) |
0.364 1.1 (0.9-1.5) |
| Preoperative tests | |||
| AFP, ng/mL* | 7799 (33988) |
<0.001 1.4 (1.2-1.6) |
0.045 1.2 (1.0-1.4) |
| Neutrophil, K/mcL* | 4.3 (1.4) | 0.229 1.1 (1.0-1.2) |
0.101 1.1 (1.0-1.3) |
| Lymphocyte, K/mcL* | 1.5 (0.6) | 0.110 0.9 (0.8-1.0) |
0.298 0.9 (0.8-1.1) |
| Monocyte, K/mcL* | 0.4(0.2) | 0.098 1.1 (1.0-1.3) |
0.037 1.1 (1.0-1.3) |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL* | 0.7 (0.4) | 0.239 1.1 (1.0-1.2) |
0.163 1.1 (0.9-1.3) |
| INR* | 1.1 (0.2) | 0.208 1.1 (1.0-1.1) |
0.010 1.1 (1.0-1.2) |
| Creatinine, mg/dL* | 1.1 (0.4) | 0.340 1.1 (0.9-1.2) |
0.102 1.1 (1.0-1.3) |
| AST, units/L* | 59 (50) |
0.032 1.1 (1.0-1.2) |
0.117 1.1 (1.0-1.3) |
| Platelet, K/mcL* | 236 (106) |
0.016 1.2 (1.0-1.3) |
0.024 1.2 (1.0-1.3) |
| Albumin, g/dL* | 4.1 (0.4) |
0.007 0.8 (0.8-1.0) |
< 0.001 0.8 (0.7-0.9) |
| NLR* | 3.3 (2.1) |
0.007 1.2 (1.0-1.3) |
0.015 1.2 (1.0-1.4) |
| PLR* | 186 (135) |
< 0.001 1.3 (1.2-1.5) |
0.001 1.3 (1.1-1.4) |
| LMR* | 4.3 (2.1) |
0.019 0.8 (0.7-1.0) |
0.012 0.8 (0.7-1.0) |
| PNI* | 48.9 (5.9) |
0.002 0.8 (0.7-0.9) |
< 0.001 0.8 (0.7-0.9) |
| APRI* | 0.8 (0.8) | 0.087 1.1 (1.0-1.2) |
0.483 1.1 (0.9-1.2) |
| ANRI* | 14.9 (13.6) | 0.268 1.1 (1.0-1.2) |
0.233 1.1 (0.9-1.2) |
| Operative data | |||
| Major hepatectomy | 177 (48%) |
0.013 1.3 (1.1-1.7) |
0.064 1.3 (1.0-1.7) |
| Operative blood loss, mL* | 645 (776) |
< 0.001 1.2 (1.1-1.4) |
< 0.001 1.3 (1.2-1.4) |
| Pringle time, minutes* | 34 (17) | 0.388 1.1 (0.9-1.2) |
0.522 1.0 (0.9-1.2) |
| Tumor rupture | 15 (4%) | 0.868 0.9 (0.5-1.7) |
0.605 1.2 (0.6-2.2) |
| Local extrahepatic invasion | 18 (5%) |
< 0.001 2.5 (1.5-4.2) |
0.014 2.0 (1.2-3.4) |
| R1 margin | 18 (5%) |
< 0.001 2.8 (1.7-4.6) |
< 0.001 3.4 (2.0-5.6) |
| Pathological data | |||
| Largest tumor, cm* | 7.6 (4.7) |
< 0.001 1.3 (1.1-1.4) |
< 0.001 1.3 (1.1-1.5) |
| <5 | 117 (32%) | ||
| 5-10 | 160 (43%) | ||
| > 10 | 93 (25%) | ||
| Multiple nodules | 101 (27%) |
< 0.001 2.2 (1.7-2.8) |
< 0.001 1.9 (1.4-2.5) |
| Differentiation | |||
| Well | 54 (15%) | ||
| Moderate (vs. well) | 220 (60%) | 0.533 1.1 (0.8-1.6) |
0.502 (0.8-1.7) |
| Poor (vs. well) | 91 (25%) | 0.190 1.3 (0.9-1.9) |
0.361 (0.8-1.9) |
| Vascular invasion | 173 (47%) |
< 0.001 1.7 (1.4-2.2) |
< 0.001 1.8 (1.4-2.4) |
| Cirrhosis | 94 (25%) |
0.007 1.4 (1.1-1.9) |
0.003 1.5 (1.2-2.1) |
| Steatosis | 141 (38%) |
0.004 0.7 (0.5-0.9) |
0.004 0.6 (0.5-0.9) |
HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, RFS recurrence-free survival, OS overall survival, AFP α-fetoprotein, INR international normalized ratio, AST asparate aminotransferase, NLR neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, PLR platelet to lymphocyte ratio, LMR lymphocyte to monocyte ratio, PNI prognostic nutritional index, APRI AST to platelet ratio index, ANRI AST to neutrophil ratio index. Categorical variables are expressed as frequency (percentage). Continuous variables are expressed as mean (standard deviation).
*
per 1 standard deviation increase.
#
p-value compares hepatitis B or C or both vs. no history of viral hepatitis. Bolded p-values indicate statistical significance.