Table 3.
Oral Health Status in Dentate Patients, in Relation to Comorbidities and Medications (n=181)
| Variable | Number of Teeth | Pocket Depth | DFT |
|---|---|---|---|
| < 20 Teeth | ≥ 4 mm | > Mean 15 | |
| N= 80 (44%) | N= 147 (81%) | N= 94 (52%) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes | 0.58 (0.25–1.39) | 0.68 (0.21–2.22) | 0.37 (0.15–0.94) |
| p-value | 0.224 | 0.520 | 0.037 |
| Heart disease | 1.26 (0.64–2.44) | 0.38 (0.15–0.95) | 0.99 (0.51–1.94) |
| p-value | 0.505 | 0.039 | 0.997 |
| Dementia | 0.82 (0.32–2.07) | 0.89 (0.27–2.93) | 0.75 (0.29–1.96) |
| p-value | 0.673 | 0.849 | 0.556 |
| COPD | 0.33 (0.13–0.83) | 1.03 (0.32–3.35) | 0.36 (0.13–0.99) |
| p-value | 0.019 | 0.961 | 0.048 |
| Medications | |||
| Polypharmacy ≥5a | 0.62 (0.31–1.24) | 0.56 (0.24–1.28) | 0.40 (0.20–0.81) |
| p-value | 0.176 | 0.167 | 0.011 |
| Diuretics | 0.62 (0.32–1.20) | 0.32 (0.12–0.86) | 0.39 (0.20–0.78) |
| p-value | 0.158 | 0.023 | 0.007 |
| Anticoagulants | 1.13 (0.60–2.12) | 0.47 (0.21–1.07) | 0.77 (0.41–1.44) |
| p-value | 0.710 | 0.073 | 0.414 |
| Inhalation drugsb | 0.29 (0.12–0.67) | 1.97 (0.80–4.85) | 0.41 (0.18–0.93) |
| p-value | 0.004 | 0.138 | 0.032 |
| ACE/ARB | 1.65 (0.87–3.14) | 0.63 (0.27–1.46) | 0.61 (0.32–1.15) |
| p-value | 0.128 | 0.286 | 0.127 |
| Sedatives | 0.78 (0.39–1.54) | 0.67 (0.27–1.65) | 0.57 (0.28–1.14) |
| p-value | 0.468 | 0.382 | 0.113 |
| Anticholinergicsc | 0.49 (0.14–1.64) | 0.71 (0.14–3.46) | 0.62 (0.19–2.07) |
| p-value | 0.245 | 0.669 | 0.440 |
| Use of ≥2 AC drugsd,* | 0.32 (0.15–0.70) | 1.76 (0.71–4.34) | 0.31 (0.14–0.66) |
| p-value | 0.004 | 0.149 | 0.003 |
Notes: aPolypharmacy, defined as use of 5 or more drugs regularly. bInhalation drugs used for obstructive lung diseases. cDrugs with strong anticholinergic effect. dPatients using two or more drugs with strong anticholinergic effect. All variables were adjusted for age, gender, and comorbidity index (CCI), and the variable marked with *was also adjusted for polypharmacy. Values presented as OR (95% CI). P-values of <0.005 are presented in bold text.
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, Confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; eGFR, Estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACE/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers; AC, strong anticholinergic drugs.