Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants, weighted.
| Overall | Low lean mass | Non-low lean mass | P value | |
| (n = 959) | (n = 143) | (n = 816) | ||
| Age (years) | 52.08 ± 7.91 | 54.51 ± 8.87 | 51.72 ± 7.70 | 0.0003 |
| Race (%) | ||||
| Mexican American | 6.30 | 11.77 | 5.51 | 0.0001 |
| Other Hispanic | 2.43 | 6.65 | 1.81 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 77.08 | 75.10 | 77.37 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 9.98 | 4.30 | 10.81 | |
| Other Races | 4.21 | 2.18 | 4.50 | |
| Education level (%) | ||||
| Less than high school | 5.82 | 12.11 | 4.91 | 0.0043 |
| High school or GED | 35.91 | 37.16 | 35.73 | |
| Above high school | 58.27 | 50.73 | 59.37 | |
| RIP (%) | ||||
| ≤1 | 8.30 | 10.21 | 8.29 | 0.4840 |
| >1 | 91.70 | 89.79 | 91.71 | |
| Alcohol intake per week (%) | ||||
| Never | 20.19 | 24.17 | 19.62 | 0.6712 |
| Up to once a week | 41.44 | 42.55 | 41.28 | |
| 2–3 times a week | 16.77 | 15.87 | 16.90 | |
| 4–6 times a week | 11.45 | 8.44 | 11.88 | |
| Daily or more | 10.15 | 8.97 | 10.32 | |
| BMI (%) | ||||
| Normal weight | 20.66 | 6.13 | 22.78 | <0.0001 |
| Overweight | 40.28 | 25.32 | 42.46 | |
| Obese | 39.06 | 68.54 | 34.77 | |
| Insurance (%) | 83.45 | 71.89 | 85.13 | 0.0002 |
| Hypertension (%) | 38.61 | 7.30 | 43.15 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 12.73 | 3.48 | 14.08 | 0.0011 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 4.69 | 0.55 | 5.29 | 0.0211 |
| COPD (%) | 4.77 | 0.56 | 4.93 | 0.5505 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 5.43 | 3.69 | 6.14 | 0.0112 |
| Cancer (%) | 3.63 | 2.45 | 3.80 | 0.4584 |
| Sleep disorder (%) | 9.74 | 5.49 | 10.35 | 0.2012 |
| Smoking status (%) | ||||
| Never | 39.71 | 1.88 | 45.19 | <0.0001 |
| Former | 33.64 | 9.74 | 37.11 | |
| Current | 26.65 | 88.38 | 17.70 | |
| Comorbidity index (%) | ||||
| 0 | 50.96 | 86.291 | 45.83 | <0.0001 |
| 1 | 34.60 | 9.99 | 38.17 | |
| 2 | 9.98 | 3.11 | 10.97 | |
| ≥3 | 4.47 | 0.61 | 5.03 | |
| Urinary hesitancy (%) | 7.26 | 16.50 | 5.92 | <0.0001 |
| Incomplete emptying (%) | 10.28 | 14.75 | 9.63 | 0.0827 |
| Urinary frequency (%) | 13.52 | 18.37 | 12.82 | 0.0941 |
| Nocturia (%) | 25.33 | 28.20 | 24.92 | 0.4377 |
| Daytime LUTS (%) | 25.53 | 35.44 | 24.09 | 0.0073 |
| Clinical LUTS (%) | 13.11 | 27.66 | 11.00 | <0.0001 |
Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; GED: general educational development; RIP: ratio of family income to poverty; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LUTS: lower urinary tract symptoms.