Table 2. Prevalence and years of life lost by risk factors in men (left panel) and in women (right panel).
| Risk factor | Prevalence | HR1 | Years of life lost2 | Risk factor | Prevalence | HR1 | Years of life lost2 | |||||||
| Year | 95% CI | Year | 95% CI | |||||||||||
| High heart rate (≥ 90 beats/min) | 6.4% | 2.16 | 9.94 | 9.58 | - | 10.3 | Proteinuria (Trace or Positive) | 7.1% | 2.44 | 10.14 | 9.93 | - | 10.35 | |
| Proteinuria (Trace or Positive) | 7.9% | 2.11 | 9.07 | 8.87 | - | 9.27 | Diabetes (≥ 126 mg/dL) | 4.8% | 2.4 | 8.91 | 8.65 | - | 9.17 | |
| Diabetes (≥ 126 mg/dL) | 5.7% | 2.02 | 8.92 | 8.71 | - | 9.13 | High heart rate (≥ 90 beats/min) | 8.1% | 2 | 8.89 | 8.49 | - | 9.29 | |
| Elevated WBC (≥ 9,000/mm3) | 9.0% | 1.82 | 7.49 | 7.11 | - | 7.87 | Low GFR (< 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) | 4.3% | 1.78 | 7.32 | 7.1 | - | 7.54 | |
| Mild anemia (Hemoglobin 10 - 13.4 g/dL) | 5.3% | 1.56 | 7.47 | 7.24 | - | 7.7 | Current smoker | 6.7% | 1.79 | 7.02 | 6.69 | - | 7.35 | |
| C-reactive protein (≥ 3 mg/L) | 11.1% | 1.84 | 7.37 | 7.11 | - | 7.63 | Elevated WBC (≥ 9,000/mm3) | 5.7% | 1.9 | 6.63 | 6.32 | - | 6.94 | |
| Underweight (BMI <19 kg/m2) | 6.3% | 1.57 | 7.04 | 6.58 | - | 7.5 | Regular drinker | 2.4% | 1.77 | 6.35 | 6.05 | - | 6.65 | |
| Regular drinker | 12.1% | 1.79 | 6.86 | 6.58 | - | 7.14 | COPD | 6.3% | 1.45 | 6.01 | 5.76 | - | 6.26 | |
| COPD | 7.3% | 1.59 | 6.04 | 5.75 | - | 6.33 | Long-duration sleep (> 8 h/day) | 10.9% | 1.44 | 5.34 | 5.02 | - | 5.66 | |
| Betel quid chewer | 18.8% | 1.82 | 6.00 | 5.66 | - | 6.34 | Hypertension (DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) | 17.6% | 1.48 | 5.21 | 4.89 | - | 5.53 | |
| Current smoker | 40.6% | 1.69 | 5.66 | 5.35 | - | 5.97 | Hypertension (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg) | 16.4% | 1.45 | 5.18 | 4.55 | - | 5.81 | |
| Restrictive lung disease | 14.6% | 1.55 | 5.47 | 5.19 | - | 5.75 | Physical inactivity (<3.75 MET-h/wk) | 59.9% | 1.36 | 5.07 | 4.8 | - | 5.34 | |
| Long-duration sleep (> 8 h/day) | 8.9% | 1.43 | 5.04 | 4.75 | - | 5.33 | Mild anemia (hemoglobin 10 - 12 g/dL) | 10.2% | 1.52 | 4.89 | 4.67 | - | 5.11 | |
| Physical inactivity (<3.75 MET-h/wk) | 48.4% | 1.55 | 4.74 | 4.45 | - | 5.03 | C-reactive protein (≥ 3 mg/L) | 10.5% | 1.59 | 4.86 | 4.6 | - | 5.12 | |
| Hepatitis B carrier | 17.4% | 1.55 | 4.4 | 4.1 | - | 4.7 | Restrictive lung disease | 18.1% | 1.45 | 4.79 | 4.54 | - | 5.04 | |
| Hypertension (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg) | 19.1% | 1.48 | 4.39 | 4.06 | - | 4.72 | Low cholesterol (<160 mg/dL) | 20.0% | 1.6 | 4.66 | 4.21 | - | 5.11 | |
| Hypertension (DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) | 22.0% | 1.4 | 4.29 | 4.03 | - | 4.55 | Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) | 12.0% | 1.46 | 4.25 | 3.53 | - | 4.97 | |
| Low cholesterol (<160 mg/dL) | 17.0% | 1.39 | 4.06 | 3.68 | - | 4.44 | Low HDL-C (<35 mg/dL) | 5.4% | 1.4 | 4.25 | 4 | - | 4.5 | |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 4.3% | 1.53 | 3.77 | 3.3 | - | 4.24 | High uric acid (≥ 7 mg/dL) | 8.5% | 1.39 | 4.11 | 3.8 | - | 4.42 | |
| Low GFR (< 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) | 6.0% | 1.36 | 3.67 | 3.47 | - | 3.87 | Elevated AST (≥ 25 U/L) | 17.8% | 1.48 | 3.71 | 3.5 | - | 3.92 | |
| Elevated AST (≥ 25 U/L) | 35.9% | 1.48 | 3.38 | 3.16 | - | 3.6 | High triglyceride (≥ 200 mg/dL) | 6.4% | 1.43 | 3.43 | 3.15 | - | 3.71 | |
| Low blood glucose (< 90 mg/dL) | 17.5% | 1.31 | 3.32 | 3.06 | - | 3.58 | Metabolic Syndrome (ATP III) | 10.2% | 1.43 | 3.16 | 2.98 | - | 3.34 | |
| High uric acid (≥ 8 mg/dL) | 21.1% | 1.23 | 2.64 | 2.3 | - | 2.98 | Prolonged sitting (>8 hours/day) | 61.9% | 1.21 | 2.92 | 2.60 | - | 3.25 | |
| Low HDL-C (<35 mg/dL) | 16.5% | 1.25 | 2.52 | 2.26 | - | 2.78 | Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 3.6% | 1.41 | 2.61 | 2.21 | - | 3.01 | |
| High triglyceride (≥ 200 mg/dL) | 15.7% | 1.21 | 2.51 | 2.24 | - | 2.78 | Hepatitis B carrier | 12.4% | 1.35 | 2.17 | 1.86 | - | 2.48 | |
| Prolonged sitting (>8 hours/day) | 55.8% | 1.23 | 2.37 | 2.06 | - | 2.68 | Pre-diabetes (110 - 125 mg/dL) | 4.5% | 1.13 | 1.11 | 0.85 | - | 1.37 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome (ATP III) | 13.7% | 1.26 | 2.36 | 2.16 | - | 2.56 | Pre-Hypertension (SBP 120 - 139 mmHg) | 21.7% | 1.05 | 1.09 | 0.49 | - | 1.69 | |
| Pre-diabetes (110 - 125 mg/dL) | 6.9% | 1.15 | 1.62 | 1.4 | - | 1.84 | High cholesterol (≥ 240 mg/dL) | 10.2% | 1.1 | 1.03 | 0.67 | - | 1.39 | |
| High cholesterol (≥ 240 mg/dL) | 10.9% | 1.13 | 0.91 | 0.55 | - | 1.27 | Low blood glucose (< 90 mg/dL) | 30.8% | 1.13 | 0.82 | 0.48 | - | 1.16 | |
| Pre-Hypertension (SBP 120 - 139 mmHg) | 36.7% | 1.12 | 0.60 | 0.28 | - | 0.92 | ||||||||
1HR: Age-adjusted hazard ratio.
2Life years lost: those with the risk – those without the risk.