Table 1.

Description of the socioeconomic sectors and related hypotheses of water and energy consumption.

Socioeconomic sector	Description	Number of readings	Rational and hypotheses
Residential	Villas, flats	Villa – 118934. Flat − 106970	Residential buildings in Qatar consume the highest proportion of the water and electricity resources. The propagation of COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar forced the authorities to take measures and strategies to fight the disease. These measures include stay-at-home policy, where thousands of employees and students performed their tasks from their homes. Therefore, it is expected that the water and electricity consumption has increased in this sector, particularly during the summer season where the temperature exceeds 40 °C associated with an intensive use of air conditioning for cooling.
Commercial	Banks, services institutions, SMEs, private organisations, retail, groceries and pharmacies, etc.	46415	The commercial sector is one of the pillars of Qatar’s economy. Thousands of people work in this sector. The implementation of the mitigation measures to slowdown the spread of the disease forced many companies and services in this sector to shut down. Therefore, examining the water and electricity consumption is this sector can give indication on the extent of the impact of the disease on the economy of the country, particularly in the easing lockdown or post-lockdown phases.
Industrial	Liquefied natural gas, crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilisers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ships, repairs	590	The pandemic affected all the components of industrial system in Qatar and across the world. The pandemic and the associated measures affected the procurement of raw material, process of manufacture, and production. The workforce was asked to stay at home, particularly during the lockdown phase. Therefore, assessing the water and electricity consumption in this sector can show the dynamic effect of the pandemic on the economy in general, and on the industrial sector in particular.
Government	Ministries, public schools, offices, hospitals, and universities, etc.	15551	This sector is important as it employs a large number of people. Furthermore, this sector is responsible for issuing and implementing policies to reduce the spread of the disease and many of the employees were asked to work from home. Furthermore, some public entities (i.e., public schools and university) were closed, while others (i.e., public hospitals and clinks) increased their capacity to fight the disease.
Productive farms	Farms, livestock, ranching	1450	Qatar is a semi-arid country and the agricultural sector consume high percentage of water and electricity resources. However, most of the arable land used for agricultural purposes are located outside the urban areas and hence the water and electricity consumption was not affected by the spread of the disease.