Table 3. Association between the intake of calories, macronutrients, and micronutrients with coronary artery calcification (CAC).
| Variables | No evidence/minimal CAC (≤10) (n=73) Mean±SD [adjusted mean] | Moderate/severe CAC (>10) (n=77) Mean±SD [adjusted mean] | P** | Adjusted P# |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calories (kcal) | 2114±581 | 1947±463 | 0.053 | - |
| Carbohydrates (%) | 54.1±7.4 [53.8] | 50.8±7.0 [51.1] | 0.006 | 0.021 |
| Proteins (%) | 19.5±3.6 [19.6] | 20.1±3.2 [20.1] | 0.242 | 0.384 |
| Lipids (%) | 26.1±5.1 [26.3] | 29.0±6.2 [28.9] | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Fibers (g/day) | 25.1 (19.2-34.1) | 22.6 (15.8-28.9) | 0.058 | 0.355 |
| SFA (%) | 7.7±2.6 [7.8] | 8.7±3.1 [8.6] | 0.041 | 0.462 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids (%) | 5.3±1.7 [5.4] | 5.8±1.7 [5.8] | 0.101 | 0.212 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids (%) | 8.4±2.8 [8.5] | 9.2±2.9 [9.2] | 0.076 | 0.148 |
| Cholesterol (mg/day) | 260±101 [252] | 262±107 [269] | 0.894 | 0.267 |
| Linoleic acid (g/day) | 10.8±4.6 [10.4] | 11.3±6.3 [11.6] | 0.598 | 0.160 |
| Linolenic acid (g/day) | 1.25 (1.01-1.57) | 1.35 (1.09-1.67) | 0.279 | 0.061 |
| Oleic acid (g/day) | 17.6±6.5 [17.0] | 17.5±7.1 [18.1] | 0.895 | 0.288 |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 684±255 [668] | 673±192 [688] | 0.768 | 0.555 |
| Magnesium (mg/day) | 313±96.0 [303] | 296±117 [306] | 0.326 | 0.880 |
| Potassium (mg/day) | 3315±977 [3204] | 2917±848 [3022] | 0.008 | 0.075 |
| Sodium (mg/day) | 4186±930 [4086] | 3932±954 [4027] | 0.101 | 0.619 |
Quantitative data are reported as means±SD [adjusted mean] or median and percentiles (25th-75th). **Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test (continuous variables with symmetric or asymmetric distribution, respectively). #Adjusted for calorie intake. SFA: saturated fatty acids. Bold type indicates statistically significant.