Figure 6.

Olaparib improved aerobic glycolysis in Caco-2 monolayers exposed to H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. Seahorse XFp Mito Stress test was performed after Caco-2 monolayers were pretreated with 10 μM olaparib for 30 minutes and then treated with 1000 μM H₂O₂ for 2 hours. The CTRL and H₂O₂ groups received the same amount of DMSO as the olaparib-treated cells. Oligomycin (1 μM), FCCP (1 μM), and the mixture of rotenone and antimycin A (1 μM) were added sequentially during the measurement. (a) Schematic illustration of glucose metabolism. (b) Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), (c) basal ECAR, and (d) ECAR changes are shown. ECAR changes were calculated by the difference between ECAR before and after oligomycin injection. Data combined from 2 separate experiments (n = 4); ns: not significant; ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01, and ^∗∗∗P < 0.001. Abbreviations: PDC: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; CAC: citric acid cycle; ETC: mitochondrial electron transport chain; ECAR: extracellular acidification rate; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation.