Table 1.
Some DNA methylated genes with genetic loci, epigenetic modifications, and clinical outcome from different tissues/samples.
| Tissues/samples | Genes | Genetic location | Epigenetic modification | Clinical outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal epithelium | ALOX15, POSTN | 17p13.2, 13q13.3 | Hypomethylation | Th2 response, childhood asthma | [30] |
| Blood | ALOX12 | 17p13.1 | Hypomethylation | Childhood persistent wheezing | [34] |
| Blood | IFN-γ, FOXP3 | 12q15, Xp11.23 | Hypermethylation | Impaired T cell function, Treg and T effector repression | [35] |
| Blood | IL-13, RUNX3, and TIGIT | 5q31.1, 1p36.11, and 3q13.31 | Hypomethylation | Childhood asthma | [36] |
| Cord blood | IL-2 Site1 | 4q27 | Hypermethylation | Severe asthma in children | [37] |
| Blood | IL-5RA | 3p26.2 | Hypomethylation | Asthma (in teens) | [38] |
| Cord blood | GATA3 | 10p14 | Hypermethylation | Reduced asthma risk | [40] |
| HapMap LCLs | ZPBP2 | 17q12-q21 | Hypomethylation | Asthma | [41] |
| Blood | CYP26A1 | 10q23.33 | Hypermethylation | Aspirin intolerant asthma and allergy | [42] |
| Nasal epithelium | TET1 | 10q21.3 | Hypomethylation | Asthma | [43] |
| Blood | IL1R2 | 2q11.2 | Hypermethylation | Asthma | [45] |
| Newborn blood spots | AXL | 19q13.2 | Hypermethylation | Wheezing (girls > boys) | [46] |
| Buccal cells | ARG2 | 14q24.1 | Hypermethylation | Decreased FeNO in children with asthma | [47] |
| Airway epithelium | IL-6, NOS2 | 7p15.3, 17q11.2 | Hypomethylation | Increased FeNO, childhood asthma | [48] |
| Blood | ADRB2 | 5q31-33 | Hypermethylation | Severe childhood asthma | [49] |
| Saliva/blood | ADRB2 | 5q31-33 | Hypomethylation | Reduced dyspnea in asthmatic children | [50] |
| Sputum | PCDH20 | 13q21.2 | Hypermethylation | Asthma in adults | [51] |
| Nasal epithelium | CDH26, CDHR3 | 20q13.33, 7q22.3 | Hypomethylation | Differentiate atopy with atopic asthma | [52] |
| Cord blood | C7orf50, ZAR1 | 7p22.3, 4p11 | Hypomethylation | Associated with IgE levels | [53] |
| Airway epithelium | STAT5A | 17q21.2 | Hypermethylation | Enhanced Th1 response, decreased EOS recruitment | [54] |
| Blood | WNT2 | 7q31.2 | Hypermethylation | Neutrophilic asthma | [55] |
| Endobronchial AEC | ORMDL3 | 17q12-21 | Hypermethylation | Asthma in adults | [56] |
| Lung AEC | IL-13 | 5q31 | Hypermethylation | Asthma | [57] |
For genetic loci: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/ or https://www.genecards.org/ or cited references.