Table 3.

Deformity location based on the malalignment test [39] with regard to the amount of varus malalignment

	Varus malalignment (mFTA)
	Mild (3°–5°)	Moderate (6°–8°)	Severe (≥ 9°)
Deformity location
Tibial (mMPTA < 85°, mLDFA normal)	23%	35%	33%
Femoral (mLDFA > 90°, mMPTA normal)	16%	31%a	41%a
Tibial + femoral (mMPTA < 85° + mLDFA > 90°)	2%	3%	19%b
No deformity (mMPTA + mLDFA normal)	58%c	32%d	7%
JLCA	1.8° ± 1.3° (0.1°–6.4°)	2.4° ± 1.6e (0.1°–7.7°)	3.3° ± 1.8e (0.2°–6.8°)

Normal values for mMPTA and mLDFA were 85°–90° [39, 40]

Values are shown as percentages per group or mean ± standard deviation and range

mFTA mechanical femorotibial angle, mMPTA mechanical medial proximal tibial angle, mLDFA mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, JLCA joint line convergence angle

^aSignificant difference between 3°–5° and 6°–8° mFTA (p = 0.016) and between 3°–5° and ≥ 9° mFTA (p = 0.008) (Qui-square test followed by post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction)

^bSignificant difference compared to 3°–5° and 6°–8° mFTA (p < 0.001 and p = 0.011) (Qui-square test followed by post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction)

^cSignificant difference compared to 6°–8° and ≥ 9° mFTA (p < 0.001) (Qui-square test followed by post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction)

^dSignificant difference compared to ≥ 9° mFTA (p = 0.034) (Qui-square test followed by post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction)

^eSignificant difference between 3°–5° and 6°–8° mFTA (p = 0.002) and between 3°–5° and ≥ 9° mFTA (p < 0.001) (Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction)