Table 2:
Weighted Adjusted Linear Regression for the Relationship between Food Insecurity and Glycemic Control
| No Diabetes | Diagnosed Diabetes | Undiagnosed Diabetes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted Estimate | P Value | Adjusted Estimate | P Value | Adjusted Estimate | P Value | |
| Household food security | 0.0003 | 0.0015 | 0.0284 | |||
| Food security | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Food insecurity | 0.03(0.01 – 0.04) | 0.37(0.15 – 0.60) | 0.45(0.05 – 0.85) | |||
| Sex | <.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0004 | |||
| Male | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Female | −0.03(−0.04 – −0.02) | −0.24(−0.37 – −0.11) | −0.36(−0.55 – −0.16) | |||
| Age group | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.0041 | |||
| 20–39 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| 40–54 | 0.19(0.18 – 0.20) | 0.16(−0.17 – 0.49) | −0.26(−0.74 – 0.21) | |||
| 55–69 | 0.35(0.34 – 0.37) | −0.09(−0.42 – 0.24) | −0.38(−0.83 – 0.08) | |||
| 70 + | 0.40(0.39 – 0.42) | −0.35(−0.67 – −0.04) | −0.74(−1.23 – −0.25) | |||
| Race | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.0183 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.16(0.14 – 0.18) | 0.44(0.27 – 0.61) | −0.10(−0.41 – 0.20) | |||
| Hispanic | 0.09(0.07 – 0.10) | 0.58(0.37 – 0.79) | 0.45(0.10 – 0.80) | |||
| Other Minority | 0.11(0.09 – 0.13) | 0.13(−0.16 – 0.41) | 0.22(−0.24 – 0.68) | |||
| Education level | <.0001 | 0.0509 | 0.9903 | |||
| No degree | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| High school diploma/GED | −0.02(−0.03 – −0.002) | 0.05(−0.13 – 0.24) | 0.04(−0.32 – 0.40) | |||
| Some college | −0.04(−0.06 – −0.03) | −0.04(−0.24 – 0.16) | −0.02(−0.38 – 0.35) | |||
| College graduate | −0.08(−0.10 – −0.07) | −0.20(−0.42 – 0.01) | 0.01(−0.44 – 0.45) | |||
| Marital status | <.0001 | 0.9395 | 0.0606 | |||
| Married/Partnered | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Widowed | 0.03(0.002 – 0.05) | 0.03(−0.11 – 0.17) | 0.20(−0.15 – 0.56) | |||
| Divorced/Separated | 0.002(−0.01 – 0.02) | −0.01(−0.18 – 0.16) | −0.05(−0.40 – 0.30) | |||
| Never married | −0.04(−0.05 – −0.02) | 0.06(−0.24 – 0.36) | 0.51(0.09 – 0.93) | |||
| Ratio of family income to poverty | 0.5026 | 0.7215 | 0.3397 | |||
| Ratio increase of 1 | −0.001(−0.01 – 0.003) | 0.01 (−0.04 – 0.06) | −0.05(−0.15 – 0.05) | |||
| Access to health care | 0.6427 | 0.0029 | 0.0057 | |||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Yes | −0.003(−0.02 – 0.01) | −0.69(−1.15 – −0.24) | −0.56(−0.96 – −0.17) | |||
| Data release cycle | <.0001 | 0.2170 | 0.6862 | |||
| NHANES 2003–2004 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| NHANES 2005–2006 | −0.05(−0.08 – −0.03) | −0.07(−0.34 – 0.20) | 0.38(−0.12 – 0.89) | |||
| NHANES 2007–2008 | 0.06(0.03 – 0.09) | −0.08(−0.32 – 0.16) | 0.03(−0.37 – 0.44) | |||
| NHANES 2009–2010 | 0.10(0.08 – 0.13) | −0.09(−0.35 – 0.16) | −0.04(−0.40 – 0.32) | |||
| NHANES 2011–2012 | 0.09(0.06 – 0.12) | 0.11(−0.14 – 0.36) | −0.02(−0.47 – 0.44) | |||
| NHANES 2013–2014 | 0.04(0.02 – 0.07) | 0.13(−0.09 – 0.35) | 0.10(−0.33 – 0.53) | |||
| NHANES 2015–2016 | 0.08(0.05 – 0.10) | 0.01(−0.24 – 0.26) | −0.01(−0.41 – 0.39) | |||