Table 2.

Determinants of Physical Frailty in Heart Failure^*†

	OR [95%CI]	p value
Women	4.63 [1.81, 11.84]	0.001
Body mass index (kg/m2)	1.06 [0.99, 1.13]	0.07
History of asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	2.71 [0.98, 7.50]	0.06
Type 2 diabetes	3.34 [1.26, 8.86]	0.016
Prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker	0.21 [0.07, 0.61]	0.004
Model Pseudo R2 / Area Under the ROC Curve	25.2% / 0.83

^*Reference group is non-physically frail

^†Results reported were factors retained in backward stepwise regression model (p < 0.10 retention) that included: age; sex; married/partnered; body mass index; Charlson Comorbidity Index total score; history of asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, or COPD; Stage 3 chronic kidney disease; type 2 diabetes; time with heart failure; New York Heart Association functional class; type of heart failure (heart failure with reduced vs. preserved ejection fraction); left ventricular ejection fraction; serum hemoglobin; prescribed a beta blocker; and prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker.

Abbreviations: ROC, Receiver Operating Characteristic