. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Aug 13;142:112024. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112024

Table 4.

Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects of silymarin and silibinin.

Agent	Dose	Model (in vivo, in vitro, Human)	Cell line	Effects	Ref
Silymarin		In vivo, in vitro		Decreased cell viability; increased ROS	[195]
Silymarin		In vivo, in vitro	HepG2	Decreased CXCR-4 protein; induced apoptosis.	[189]
Silymarin + carvedilol	50 mg/kg/day + 10 mg/kg/day	In vivo		Decreased CCl₄ liver toxicity, elevated serum concentrations of BIL, ALP, AST, ALT & IL-6,	[184]
Silybin phosphatidylcholine (Siliphos)	2, 4, 8, 12 g per day			Improved liver enzyme abnormalities & inflammatory biomarkers.	[188]
Silymarin	420 mg/day			No promising effects were observed.	[216]