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. 2021 Sep 22;11:18856. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98412-y

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Injection rate has significant effect on hearing in adult mouse inner ear. (a) Adult mice that received 1 µl gene delivery within 30 s had significant ABR threshold elevation at all frequencies tested in comparison with non-injection control mice (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA). (b) Substantial IHC and OHC losses were observed throughout the cochlear turns in mice that received 1 µl gene delivery within 30 s. (c) Confocal images of the basal turn of the cochlea in a non-surgery control mouse (labeled “control”) and a mouse that underwent 1 µl gene delivery within 30 s (labeled “1 µl gene delivery in 30 s”). The cochlear specimen from the animal that underwent 1 µl gene delivery within 30 s had complete loss of IHCs and OHCs. (d) Adult mice that underwent 20 injections of 46 nl per injection every 10 s exhibited significant ABR threshold elevation, whereas mice that received 72 injections of 13.8 nl per injection every 10 s, and 36 injections of 27.6 nl per injection every 10 s did not, compared with non-surgery control mice (one-way ANOVA). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. n represents the number of animals tested. Scale bar represents 20 μm. Statistical significance between groups is shown above error bars (*represents p < 0.05, **represents p < 0.01, ***represents p < 0.001, ****represents p < 0.0001).