Table 3.
Diagnostic predictors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
| Pure Suicidal Ideationa | Suicide Attemptsb | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Any disorder | 2.73 (2.39–3.12) | <0.001 | 2.67 (2.32–3.08) | <0.001 | 1.56 (0.97–2.52) | 0.07 | 1.85 (1.10–3.09) | 0.02 |
| Number of diagnoses | ||||||||
| Single disorder | 1.69 (1.43–1.99) | <0.001 | 1.70 (1.43–2.03) | <0.001 | 0.93 (0.49–1.77) | 0.82 | 1.21 (0.62–2.35) | 0.59 |
| Two or more disorders | 3.92 (3.39–4.54) | <0.001 | 3.79 (3.24–4.43) | <0.001 | 1.87 (1.14–3.07) | 0.01 | 2.17 (1.26–3.72) | <0.01 |
| Disorder type | ||||||||
| MDD | 5.89 (4.84–7.15) | <0.001 | 4.47 (3.54–5.64) | <0.001 | 1.48 (0.91–2.42) | 0.11 | 1.04 (0.60–1.78) | 0.90 |
| Any anxiety disorder | 1.89 (1.67–2.14) | <0.001 | 1.87 (1.23–2.84) | <0.01 | ||||
| Separation anxiety | 2.30 (1.93–2.74) | <0.001 | 1.15 (0.91–1.45) | 0.23 | 1.01 (0.60–1.70) | 0.98 | 0.47 (0.24–0.90) | 0.02 |
| Social anxiety | 2.26 (1.81–2.83) | <0.001 | 1.19 (0.91–1.56) | 0.21 | 2.23 (1.31–3.81) | <0.01 | 2.39 (1.25–4.58) | <0.01 |
| Specific phobia | 1.42 (1.24–1.62) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.83–1.14) | 0.76 | 1.79 (1.19–2.70) | <0.01 | 1.61 (0.98–2.65) | 0.06 |
| GAD | 3.95 (3.21–4.86) | <0.001 | 1.85 (1.41–2.44) | <0.001 | 1.63 (0.97–2.73) | 0.07 | 0.99 (0.51–0.93) | 0.98 |
| OCD | 1.84 (1.54–2.20) | <0.001 | 1.02 (0.81–1.28) | 0.89 | 1.50 (0.90–2.48) | 0.12 | 1.10 (0.58–2.10) | 0.77 |
| PTSD | 3.81 (2.77–5.23) | <0.001 | 1.25 (0.83–1.89) | 0.29 | 1.87 (0.92–3.79) | 0.08 | 1.25 (0.52–3.02) | 0.62 |
| Any behavioral disorder | 3.40 (2.96–3.91) | <0.001 | 1.62 (1.07–2.45) | 0.02c | ||||
| Conduct disorder | 4.01 (3.12–5.17) | <0.001 | 1.78 (1.28–2.47) | <0.01 | 2.05 (1.14–3.68) | 0.02 | 1.50 (0.67–3.36) | 0.33 |
| ODD | 3.38 (2.94–3.90) | <0.001 | 2.00 (1.65–2.41) | <0.001 | 1.41 (0.92–2.16) | 0.11 | 1.27 (0.71–2.26) | 0.43 |
| ADHD | 2.47 (2.16–2.81) | <0.001 | 1.43 (1.20–1.69) | <0.001 | 1.35 (0.89–2.04) | 0.16 | 1.01 (0.58–1.76) | 0.97 |
| Eating disorders | 2.55 (1.54–4.22) | <0.001 | 0.93 (0.49–1.76) | 0.83 | 2.27 (0.84–6.13) | 0.11 | 1.91 (0.63–5.82) | 0.25 |
| Psychosis | 1.91 (1.14–3.18) | 0.01 | 0.98 (0.53–1.83) | 0.95 | 3.13 (1.39–7.04) | <0.01 | 2.46 (0.85–7.08) | 0.10 |
CI confidence interval, GED General Educational Development, OR odds ratio.
aAnalyses conducted predicted pure suicidal ideation versus no suicidal ideation (unweighted n = 11708).
bAnalyses conducted predicted suicide attempts versus no suicide attempts among youth with suicidal ideation (unweighted n = 1668).
cNot significant after Benjamini–Hochberg correction applied.
Multivariate analyses separated by blank rows represent separate models, each of which covaried all sociodemographic factors. The first model examined whether having any diagnosis predicted suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, the second assessed number of diagnoses (none, single disorder, two, or more disorders) as a predictor, and the third assessed each disorder as a predictor controlling for all other diagnoses. Only individual diagnoses were included in multivariate models to avoid overlap between individual diagnoses and grouped diagnoses (i.e., any anxiety disorder and any behavioral disorder).