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. 2021 Sep 22;11:18863. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98409-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mitochondria in stressed rods expel and exchange material. (A) Swollen mitochondrion in a rod showing few cristae and several internal membranous aggregates connected (presumed) to the inner mitochondrial membrane by a thin ‘neck’(black arrows). Note the mitochondrial outer membrane is ruptured in this domain (white arrow). (B–D) The ruptured mitochondrial membrane engaged with the plasma membrane of the photoreceptor (white arrow: membrane aggregate, black arrow: tear in plasma membrane). (E) Multiple membrane fusions result in expulsion of contents. (F) Fusion may occur between mitochondria resulting in exchange of membranous contents (white arrow) and possible mitochondrial fusion.