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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 Mar 23;21(10):e318–e325. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30792-1

Figure 3: Conceptual framework of undernutrition as it relates to tuberculosis.

Figure 3:

Numerous social determinants of health and diseases contribute to an undernourished state which can then increase the risk of TB disease, increase severity of TB disease, and increase risk of poor outcomes. Several factors included in the conceptual framework such as poverty, HIV, age, parasites, and alcoholism influence disease progression and treatment outcomes independently of nutrition. For clarity, these effects have not been depicted in the schematic diagram. (TB: tuberculosis; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; PK: pharmacokinetics; LTBI; latent tuberculosis infection)