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. 2021 Sep 23;46(1):144–152. doi: 10.1038/s41366-021-00968-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A Trends in ΔBMI-SDS are shown as lines; points indicate yearly means ± 95% confidence levels. Between 2005 and 2019 (pre-pandemic), the trends were mainly stable, showing only a slight increase. From 2019 (prepandemic)to 2020 (after the onset of anti-pandemic measures), we found a substantial increase, less pronounced in the oldest age group. B The trends in the proportions of children with HPC show the same pattern as we found for ΔBMI-SDS. The patterns were also similar across the age groups but at higher levels for younger children. C Theinverse trends were found for the proportions of children with HNC. There was a small negative trend between 2005 and 2019. Between 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2020, the proportions of children with HNC decreased substantially. The drop was less pronounced in the oldest age group.