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. 2021 Sep 9;12:751772. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.751772

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Copyright © 2021 Qiu, Liu, Mo, Liu, Chen and Dai

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Artemisinin and its derivatives on both adaptive and innate immune cells. Artemisinin and its derivatives have the capacity to regulate expressions of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, the frequency and activation of T helper and B cells, and the responsiveness of macrophages, DCs, neutrophils, mast cells and MDSCs. “↓“ denotes “enhancing” while “⊥“ indicates “suppressing”. (Th1, T helper 1 cell; Th2, T helper 2 cell; Th9, T helper 9 cell; Th17, T helper 17 cell; Treg, regulatory T cells; Tfh, follicular helper T cells; Tfr, follicular regulatory T cells; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cells).