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The signaling mechanisms underlying effects of artemisinin and its derivatives. Artemisinin and its derivatives exert immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects via interfering with NF-kB, Nrf2, Jak/STAT and mTOR signaling pathways, resulting in downregulation of proinflammatory genes and upregulation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant genes. Red downward arrows indicate suppressive effects, while blue upward arrows denote stimulating effects.
