TABLE 2.
Predictors of non-Compliance with World Health Organization Recommendations to Exclusively Breastfeed during the first 6 months of life, Lao Social Indicator Survey II, Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2017.
| Bivariate | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Fully adjusted | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted for Maternal Demographic Factors | Adjusted for Model 1+ Child Factors | Adjusted for Model 2+Socioeconomic Status | |||
| Predictor | Or (95% CI) | ||||
| Residence | |||||
| Large-Urban | 3.78 (1.19, 11.95)* | 3.56 (1.17, 10.88)* | 4.48 (1.36, 14.73)* | 2.43 (0.61, 9.64) | 2.39 (0.61, 9.43) |
| -Vientiane Capital | |||||
| Small- Urban | 1.09 (0.81, 1.48) | 1.06 (0.76, 1.47) | 1.16 (0.84, 1.59) | 0.93 (0.61, 1.44) | 0.96 (0.61, 1.50) |
| -Other Province | |||||
| Rural | References | References | References | References | References |
| Marital Status (married vs not married) | 0.64 (0.36, 1.14) | 0.70 (0.39, 1.24) | 0.57 (0.31, 1.07) | 0.63 (0.32, 1.23) | 0.62 (0.31, 1.21) |
| Maternal Age | |||||
| <20 years | 0.74 (0.43, 1.26) | 0.75 (0.42, 1.33) | 0.69 (0.33, 1.43) | 0.90 (0.42, 1.90) | 0.86 (0.40, 1.83) |
| 20–25 years | 0.67 (0.42, 1.11) | 0.68 (0.41, 1.16) | 0.55 (0.28, 1.10) | 0.64 (0.30, 1.35) | 0.63 (0.29, 1.34) |
| 26–29 years | 0.85 (0.53, 1.37) | 0.84 (0.53, 1.35) | 0.69 (0.39, 1.22) | 0.73 (0.36, 1.48) | 0.73 (0.36, 1.45) |
| 30–35 years | 0.81 (0.47, 1.41) | 0.78 (0.45, 1.35) | 0.71 (0.34, 1.46) | 0.73 (0.38, 1.41) | 0.74 (0.39, 1.40) |
| >35 years | References | References | References | References | References |
| Child Sex (Male vs Female) | 0.87 (0.69, 1.09) | — | 0.84 (0.64, 1.11) | 0.84 (0.62, 1.14) | 0.85 (0.62, 1.16) |
| Children’s Age | |||||
| 0–2 months | References | — | References | References | References |
| 3–4 months | 2.65 (1.99, 3.52)*** | — | 2.79 (2.08, 3.75)*** | 2.81 (2.02, 3.93)*** | 2.75 (1.95, 3.89)*** |
| 5–6 months | 12.91 (8.93, 18.65)*** | — | 13.91 (9.52, 20.33)*** | 16.45 (10.85, 24.94)*** | 17.40 (11.53, 26.26)*** |
| Maternal Education | |||||
| No Schooling | References | — | — | References | References |
| Primary | 0.90 (0.64, 1.27) | — | — | 0.83 (0.53, 1.29) | 0.89 (0.57, 1.40) |
| Lower Secondary | 1.06 (0.74, 1.52) | — | — | 0.75 (0.46, 1.21) | 0.82 (0.50, 1.35) |
| Upper Secondary | 0.97 (0.50, 1.87) | — | — | 0.62 (0.26, 1.48) | 0.69 (0.29, 1.70) |
| Post Secondary or Higher | 1.42 (0.92, 2.17) | — | — | 0.60 (0.30, 1.21) | 0.67 (0.32, 1.40) |
| Wealth Index | |||||
| Poorest | References | — | — | References | References |
| Second | 1.20 (0.76, 1.19) | — | — | 1.27 (0.84, 1.94) | 1.37 (0.89, 2.12) |
| Middle | 1.23 (0.85, 1.75) | — | — | 1.51 (0.95, 2.38) | 1.59 (0.99, 2.54) |
| Fourth | 1.66 (1.11, 2.50)* | — | — | 2.37 (1.45, 3.90)** | 2.46 (1.47, 4.12)** |
| Richest | 2.10 (1.30, 3.40)** | — | — | 3.35 (1.49, 7.54)** | 3.50 (1.55, 7.90)** |
| Attitude that domestic violence is not acceptable (no vs yes) | 0.90 (0.70, 1.17) | — | — | — | 0.86 (0.59, 1.27) |
| Prenatal Care (no vs yes) | 1.04 (0.70, 1.26) | — | — | — | 0.97 (0.63, 1.50) |
| Baby put directly on bare skin of mothers chest after birth (no vs yes) | 0.93 (0.72, 1.18) | — | — | — | 1.51 (0.95, 2.32) |
| Healthcare provider observed child’s breastfeeding within 2 days after birth (no vs yes) | 0.62 (0.33, 0.82)** | — | — | — | 0.54 (0.21, 1.43) |
| Healthcare provider counseled on breastfeeding within 2 days after birth (no vs yes) | 0.61 (0.44, 0.86)** | — | — | — | 1.06 (0.51, 2.20) |
| Place of Birth | |||||
| Public Sector | References | — | — | — | References |
| Private Medical Sector | 1.01 (0.21, 4.94) | — | — | — | 0.51 (0.03, 8.23) |
| Home | 0.75 (0.60, 0.94)* | — | — | — | 0.76 (0.48, 1.21) |
*p-value < 0.05, **p-value < 0.01, ***p-value < 0.001. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.