TABLE 3.
Predictors of Non-Compliance with World Health Organization Recommendations to Complementary Breastfeed between 6 and 23 months, Lao Social Indicator Survey II, Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2017.
| Bivariate | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Fully adjusted | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted for Maternal Demographic Factors | Adjusted for Model 1 + Child Factors | Adjusted for Model 2 + Socioeconomic Status | |||
| Predictor | Or (95% CI) | ||||
| Residence | |||||
| Large-Urban | 4.67 (2.30, 9.46)*** | 4.16 (2.88, 6.02)*** | 6.64 (3.29, 13.40)*** | 2.07 (0.84, 5.08) | 2.05 (0.78, 5.45) |
| -Vientiane Capital | |||||
| Small- Urban | 1.88 (1.52, 2.35)*** | 1.78 (1.38, 2.29)** | 2.10 (1.45, 3.04)** | 1.01 (0.67, 1.51) | 1.04 (0.70, 1.57) |
| -Other Province | |||||
| Rural | References | References | References | References | References |
| Marital Status (married vs not married) | 1.16 (0.75, 1.79) | 1.07 (0.31, 1.47) | 1.25 (0.70, 2.24) | 1.26 (0.69, 2.32) | 1.24 (0.69, 2.22) |
| Maternal Age | |||||
| <20 years | 0.60 (0.40, 0.90)* | 0.66 (0.43, 1.02) | 0.69 (0.37, 1.29) | 0.78 (0.39, 1.53) | 0.76 (0.37, 1.55) |
| 20–25 years | 0.89 (0.68, 1.16) | 0.85 (0.52, 1.37) | 0.85 (0.45, 1.58) | 0.84 (0.44, 1.59) | 0.81 (0.42, 1.54) |
| 26–29 years | 0.93 (0.64, 1.35) | 0.88 (0.49, 1.56) | 0.91 (0.42, 1.96) | 0.81 (0.36, 1.80) | 0.78 (0.36, 1.69) |
| 30–35 years | 0.88 (0.67, 1.16) | 0.96 (0.54, 1.69) | 0.97 (0.51, 1.82) | 0.84 (0.44, 1.61) | 0.82 (0.42, 1.59) |
| >35 years | References | References | References | References | References |
| Child Sex (Female vs Male) | 1.06 (0.92, 1.22) | — | 0.94 (0.76, 1.17) | 0.93 (0.74, 1.17) | 0.94 (0.76, 1.18) |
| Child Age At Interview | |||||
| 7–8 Months | References | — | References | References | References |
| 9–10 Months | 0.98 (0.59, 1.62) | — | 1.11 (0.65, 1.89) | 1.12 (0.76, 1.66) | 1.16 (0.78, 1.72) |
| 11–12 Months | 1.68 (0.85, 3.31) | — | 1.80 (1.14, 2.86)* | 2.00 (1.18, 3.38)* | 2.06 (1.17, 3.61)* |
| 13–14 Months | 2.93 (1.78, 4.82)*** | — | 2.72 (1.84, 4.01)** | 3.17 (2.00, 5.03)** | 3.20 (2.00, 5.13)** |
| 15–16 Months | 5.98 (3.41, 10.49)*** | — | 6.83 (5.06, 9.22)*** | 8.93 (6.42, 12.44)*** | 9.19 (6.75, 12.51)*** |
| 17–18 Months | 10.88 (7.40, 15.99)*** | — | 11.82 (8.88, 15.74)*** | 14.15 (9.19, 21.79)*** | 15.15 (9.31, 24.65)*** |
| 19–20 Months | 12.23 (7.86, 19.02)*** | — | 14.82 (10.51, 20.91)*** | 19.48 (11.23, 33.77)*** | 20.37 (11.13, 37.27)*** |
| 21–22 Months | 16.56 (8.62, 31.83)*** | — | 16.99 (12.82, 22.51)*** | 21.68 (15.34, 30.64)*** | 22.48 (15.67, 32.28)*** |
| 23–24 Months | 26.41 (15.91, 43.83)*** | — | 31.66 (16.87, 59.42)*** | 47.74 (27.94, 81.55)*** | 49.99 (27.79, 89.91)*** |
| Maternal Education | |||||
| No Schooling | References | — | — | References | References |
| Primary | 1.96 (1.70, 2.25)** | — | — | 1.68 (1.31, 2.16)** | 1.58 (1.27, 1.96)** |
| Lower Secondary | 2.44 (1.98, 3.00)** | — | — | 1.69 (1.22, 2.34)** | 1.56 (1.22, 1.98)** |
| Upper Secondary | 3.16 (2.09, 4.78)*** | — | — | 1.60 (0.92, 2.78) | 1.51 (0.86, 2.67) |
| Post Secondary or Higher | 5.01 (3.03, 8.28)*** | — | — | 3.24 (1.60, 6.55)** | 3.03 (1.46, 6.30)* |
| Wealth Index | |||||
| Poorest | References | — | — | References | References |
| Second | 1.37 (1.10, 1.69)** | — | — | 1.35 (1.05, 1.73)* | 1.26 (0.99, 1.60) |
| Middle | 2.48 (1.62, 3.79)** | — | — | 2.76 (1.49, 5.09)** | 2.60 (1.36, 4.97)* |
| Fourth | 3.54 (2.82, 4.46)*** | — | — | 3.90 (2.38, 6.39)*** | 3.72 (2.01, 6.90)** |
| Richest | 4.74 (3.77, 5.96)*** | — | — | 4.30 (3.11, 5.93)*** | 4.10 (2.63, 6.38)*** |
| Attitude that domestic violence is not acceptable (no vs yes) | 1.12 (1.01, 1.24)* | — | — | — | 1.02 (0.90, 1.17) |
| Prenatal Care (no vs yes) | 0.50 (0.32, 0.79)* | — | — | — | 0.64 (0.34, 1.22) |
| Baby put directly on bare skin of mothers chest after birth (no vs yes) | 0.82 (0.59, 1.13) | — | — | — | 1.24 (0.82, 1.86) |
| Healthcare provider observed child’s breastfeeding within 2 days after birth (no vs yes) | 0.63 (0.43, 0.92)* | — | — | — | 0.85 (0.56, 1.28) |
| Healthcare provider counseled on breastfeeding within 2 days after birth (no vs yes) | 0.64 (0.41, 1.01) | — | — | — | 1.19 (0.67, 2.13) |
| Place of Birth | |||||
| Public Sector | References | — | — | — | References |
| Private Medical Sector | 2.47 (1.14, 5.35)** | — | — | — | 2.20 (0.65, 7.42) |
| Home | 0.58 (0.42, 0.78)** | — | — | — | 1.08 (0.83, 1.41) |
*p-value < 0.05, **p-value < 0.01, ***p-value < 0.001. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.