Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for the path analysis model variables (N = 14,815).

Variables	M	SD	Min	Max	Skewness	Kurtosis
Science achievement	2.58	0.97	0.25	4.00	−0.03	−2.00
Science identity	0.10	1.01	−1.57	2.15	0.08	−0.61
Science self-efficacy	0.06	0.99	−2.91	1.83	−0.24	0.38
Science interest	0.05	0.99	−2.59	2.03	−0.30	−0.18
Science utility	0.03	0.98	−3.10	1.69	−0.36	0.38