Fig. 2.
LIPUS attenuated synovial fibrosis in DMM mice (A) The DMM-induced OA mice were treated with LIPUS (30 mW/cm2, 20 min/d) as the indicated pattern in schematic diagram (B and C) The joint diameter of mice in each group (n = 7 per group) was calculated by vernier caliper on day 7 and 14 post-DMM surgery (D) The knee joints were harvested on day 14 after DMM surgery and Masson's trichrome staining was performed. The representative images from indicated groups of mice were listed. Scale bar: 200 μm (E) Synovial fibrosis score was performed by two blinded observers in each three sections per mouse (n = 5 per group) (0, absent. If present: 1, mild; 2, diffuse) (F) Immunohistochemical detection of α-SMA, CTGF and Col Ⅰ was performed in synovium of indicated groups of mice. Scale bar: 100 μm or 50 μm. (G–I) Percentage of α-SMA-positive, CTGF-positive and Col Ⅰ-positive rates in the synovium of each group were quantified (n = 5 per group). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA, and multiple comparisons were performed using Tukey's test. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.