Fig. 5.

LIPUS suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vivo and in vitro (A and B) Immunohistochemical detection of β-catenin was performed in synovium of indicated groups of mice (n ​= ​5 per group). Scale bar:100 ​μm and 50 ​μm (C–G) FLS were stimulated with TGF-β1 for 24 ​h and treated with or without LIPUS for 20 ​min, and then the protein levels of β-catenin, active β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 were measured by western blot (n ​= ​3 per group). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA, and multiple comparisons were performed using Tukey's test. Data are expressed as mean ​± ​SD. ns, not significant, ∗p ​< ​0.05, ∗∗p ​< ​0.01 and ∗∗∗∗p ​< ​0.0001.