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. 2021 Sep 9;8:739332. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.739332

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Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Ran, Zhu, Lei, Niu, Wang, Zhang, Li, Zhu, Gao, Mossa-Basha, Cheng and Zhu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A representative case of a 68-year-old female patient who underwent stent angioplasty due to atherosclerotic stenosis of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) at the M1 segment (blue arrows). Pre-intervention images are shown on the top row (a) TOF-MRA, (b) PETRA-MRA, and (c) DSA. The degree of stenosis was 100% on TOF (pseudo-occlusion), 79.8% on PETRA-MRA, and 86.3% on DSA. Image quality scores of the PETRA-MRA and 3D-TOF were 4 and 3, respectively. Post-intervention images are shown on the bottom row (d) 3D-TOF, (e) PETRA-MRA, and (f) DSA. Post-intervention TOF-MRA had strong signal loss near the stent, and post-intervention PETRA-MRA had minimal signal loss near the stent comparing with reference DSA. PETRA-MRA had significantly higher image quality scores than those of TOF-MRA considering flow visualization within the stents (PETRA-MRA, 4; 3D-TOF, 1) and susceptibility artifact (PETRA-MRA, 4; 3D-TOF, 1).