Table 3.

Activated areas during involuntary movements revealed by fMRI studies in patients with AL and other movement disorders.

Areas	No. of studies	fMRI studies
M1	11	Assal et al. (47); Berg et al. (64); Bohlhalter et al. (74); Boonstra et al. (75); Bucher et al. (63); Helmich et al. (76); Neuner et al. (77); Onofrj et al. (43); Schaefer et al. (16); van Rootselar et al. (78); Wu et al. (79)
S1	6	Berg et al. (64); Bohlhalter et al. (74); Boonstra et al. (75); Bucher et al. (63); Neuner et al. (77); van Rootselar et al. (78)
SMA	4	Bohlhalter et al. (74); Johnson and Gregory (80); Kloppel et al. (81); Neuner et al. (77)
Pre-SMA	3	Biswal et al. (68); Cerasa et al. (82); Roessner et al. (67)
Premotor cortex	4	Biswal et al. (68); Boonstra et al. (75); Roessner et al. (67); Schaefer et al. (16)
Frontal operculum	1	Boonstra et al. (75)
Thalamus	6	Berg et al. (64); Bohlhalter et al. (74); Bucher et al. (63); Helmich et al. (76); Neuner et al. (77); van Rootselar et al. (78)
Cerebellum	8	Berg et al. (64); Bohlhalter et al. (74); Boonstra et al. (75); Bucher et al. (63); Helmich et al. (76); Neuner et al. (77); Van Rootselar et al. (78); Wu et al. (79)
Insula	3	Bohlhalter et al. (74); Neuner et al. (77); van Rootselar et al. (78)
Inferior frontal gyrus	3	Cerasa et al. (83, 84); Schaefer et al. (16); van Rootselar et al. (78)
Superior temporal pole	1	van Rootselar et al. (78)
Superior parietal cortex	3	Kloppel et al. (81); Kloppel et al. (85); Wu et al. (79)
Anterior cingulate cortex	5	Biswal et al. (68); Bohlhalter et al. (74); Neuner et al. (77); Roessner et al. (67); Werner et al. (62)
Basal ganglia	6	Berg et al. (64); Bohlhalter et al. (74); Bucher et al. (63); Cerasa et al. (83, 84); Helmich et al. (76); Neuner et al. (77)
Red nucleus	2	Berg et al. (64); Bucher et al. (63)

AL, alien limb; SMA, supplementary motor area.