TABLE 3.
Time course of TNF-α release (pg/ml) after LPS stimulation and effect of post-treatment with E1.
| E1 | Time (hours) after LPS stimulation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 |
| - | - | 2.4 ± 1.3 | 195.1 ± 51.2 | 489.1 ± 74.1 | 750.2 ± 87.7 | 945.3 ± 104.8 |
| + | - | nd | nd | 235.8 ± 32.1 * (−51.8 ± 17.3%) | 397.2 ± 56.5 * (− 47.0 ± 23.7%) | 389.4 ± 91.7 * (− 58.8 ± 18.8%) |
| - | + | nd | nd | nd | 687.2 ± 140.9 | 926.5 ± 112.6 |
E1 at the concentration of 100 μg/ml was added to cells 2 or 4 h after LPS stimulation (first and second column). Supernatant were collected at the indicated periods of time after LPS stimulation and analyzed for TNF-α release. Numbers in brackets denote the percentage change of TNF-α release compared to the corresponding treatment with LPS. Data are means ± SEM of three independent experiments.
*p < 0.05 versus the corresponding LPS stimulation. Student’s t test. nd, not determined.