Table 1.
General features of the studies
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| Authors, year (Ref number) | Center | Sample size | Object | Result |
| Karimpour, 2006 (26) | Infertility centers in Mazandaran | 2,235 | Determine the incidence of varicocele in men with infertility | Varicocele (42.6)- Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (1.8)- Testicular torsion (0.1)- Cryptorchidism (14) |
| Kamali, 2007 (18) | Royan Institute in Tehran | 2,492 | Survey the epidemiology of infertility in Royan Institute | Semen abnormalities (63.9)- Azoospermia (23.6)- Varicocele (21) |
| Safarinejad, 2008 (17) | A population-based study in Iran | 12,285 | Prevalence and risk factors of infertility in Iran | Varicocele (16)- Cryptorchidism (1.5)-Current smoker (42)- Ex-smoker (16)- BMI-Male exposure to heat (28)- Anabolic steroids (3.5)- Antidepressants (22)- penile discharge, painful-micturition, and genital ulcers (8.8) |
| Karimpour Malekshah, 2011 (19) | Infertility Clinics in Mazandaran | 3,734 | Determine the clinical patterns and major causes of infertility in Mazandaran | Semen factor (50.5)- Varicoceles (42.7)- Deferens agenesis (1.2)- Cryptorchidism (0.5)- Testicular torsion (0.1)- Miscellaneous male factors (hypospadias, retrograde ejaculation, coital problem) (3.1) |
| Taghavi, 2011 (20) | Urology Clinic of Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad | 2,000 | Determine the clinical major causes of infertility in Mashhad | Varicocele (37.4)- Testis atrophy (6.15)- Ectopic testis (1.25)- Spermatocele (0.95)- Gynecoplasty (0.3)- Hydrocele (0.65)- Inguinal hernia (0.35)- Sperm abnormality (55.2)- Azoospermia (21.7)- Chronic disease (3.65) |
| Choobineh, 2013 (15) | Shariati Hospital Infertility Clinic, Tehran | 200 | Examine the demographic characteristics of infertile men | Dealt with chemicals in worker (26)- Varicocele decreased sperm motility (81)- Decrease in sperm count (42)- Azoospermia (46) |
| Keshavarzi, 2013 (22) | Infertility Center of Mo'tazedi Hospital in Kermanshah | 514 | Determine the associated risk factors of infertility | Varicocele (1.15)- Azoospermia (3.89) BMI-smoking (55.3) - Anabolic steroids (3.5) |
| Monavari, 2013 (28) | Clinical Center for Infertility in Yazd | 70 | Determine the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 using real-time PCR in the semen of a randomized asymptomatic infertile male | HSV infection in semen HSV-1 (22.9) HSV-2 (14.3) |
| Ahmadi, 2014 (16) | Infertility clinics of Ilam province | 96 | Determine associated factors with male infertility by using semen analysis | Surgical and urological diseases (45.8) |
| Mahboubi, 2014 (23) | Infertility clinic in Shiraz | 268 | Determine the most common risk factors for male infertility in Iranian men | Varicocele (36)- Azoospermia (30.6)- Smoking (32.4)- Taking ranitidine (14.8)- Cigarette smoking (32.4)– BMI*- Job (62)- Teratospermia (84)- Asthenospermia (82.7)- Oligospermia (52.7)- Hernia (36) |
| Sohrabvand 2015 (25) | Infertility clinics of Vali-e-Asr, Tehran | 430 | Clarify the associated factors that might play a role in Iranian infertile men | Cigarette smoking (29)- Varicocele operation (22)- Hernia operation (6.2)- Orchiopexy operation (4.2)- Undescended testis (6.2)- Opium addiction (9.2)- Alcohol consumption (5.5)- Cimetidine (0.9)- Lead exposure (0.6) |
| Masoumi, 2015 (13) | Infertility center in Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan | 1,200 | Determine the frequency of the causes of infertility in infertile couples | Semen abnormalities (44.6)- Genetic factors (29.8)- Anti-spermatogenesis agents (11)- Vascular disorders (17.2) |
| Shafabakhsh, 2017 (27) | Clinical Center for Infertility in Yazd | 600 | Determine the influence of infertility, smoking, alcohol, and addictive drugs | Varicocele (20.7)- Smoking (34)- Urinary tract infection (6.3)- Hookah (5.7)- Opium (19)- Naswar (0.7) |
| Hashemzadeh, 2018 (24) | Infertility clinics of Vali-e-Asr, Tehran | 200 | Determine the relationship between body mass index and quality of sperm parameters | Oligospermia (34)- Asthenospermia (27.5)- Teratospermia (3) |
| Numbers are presented as percentages, *The difference between average BMI was statistically significant in both fertile and infertile groups p 0.05. BMI: Body mass index, HSV: Herpes simplex virus | ||||