Table 1.
Co-expression % of neurokinin B or dynorphin A in the arcuate kisspeptin neurons in ruminants, rodents, and rhesus monkeys.
| Species | Sexes and treatments | NKB/Kp | Dyn/Kp | Methods | Reference no. and authors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sheep | Female (OVX+E2) | – | 94% | IHC | (12), Goodman et al., 2007 |
| Female (Ovary intact)1 | 80.4% | – | IHC | (12), Goodman et al., 2007 | |
| Goats | Female (OVX) | 99.5% | 78.0% | IHC | (13), Wakabayashi et al., 2010 |
| Cattle | Female (Ovary intact)2 | almost all3 | >half3 | IHC | (14), Hassaneen et al., 2016 |
| Rats | Female (OVX) | 97% | – | IHC | (9), True et al., 2011 |
| Female (OVX+E2) | majority4 | majority4 | IHC | (10), Murakawa et al., 2016 | |
| Mice | Female (OVX/OVX+E2) | 90% | 92% | ISH | (7), Navarro et al., 2009 |
| Male (Cast/Cast+T) | 94% | 86% | ISH | (8), Navarro et al., 2011 | |
| Female (OVX)5 | 100% | 100% | Pooled cell PCR | (11), Ikegami et al., 2017 | |
| Rhesus monkeys | Male (Cast) | 40-60% | – | IHC | (15), Ramaswamy et al., 2010 |
| Female (OVX) | – | 7.3% | IHC | (16), True et al., 2017 |
Cast, castration; Dyn, dynorphin A; E2, estradiol-17β; Kp, kisspeptin; NKB, neurokinin B; OVX, ovariectomy; T, testosterone.
1Data were collected from ewes at the luteal, follicular, and estrous stages.
2Data were collected from heifers at the luteal and follicular stages.
3Data were not shown as percentage.
4Data were not shown as percentage.
5Data were collected from Kiss1-GFP transgenic mice.