Figure 3.

Based on the fMRI studies exploring post-concussive symptoms (PCS), the main findings can be summarized as the abnormal increase of thalamo-cortical connectivity, alterations in the anticorrelation of the default mode network and the task positive network, and a reduction of the activity in the prefrontal cortex. A time series shows a created example of a normal DMN–TPN anticorrelation which becomes altered in patients with PCS. AI, anterior insula; dlPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; DMN, default mode network; FEF, frontal eye fields; IPL, inferior parietal lobe; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; PFC, prefrontal cortex; PS, precentral sulcus; TPN, task-positive network.