Table 1. Characteristics of Study Population by Antipsychotic Use.
| Characteristic | Antipsychotic use, No. (%) (N = 464) | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||
| No. of patients | 196 (42.2) | 268 (57.8) | |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 59 (39.5-68.5) | 56 (38-66) | .10 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 98 (50.0) | 127 (47.4) | .58 |
| Male | 98 (50.0) | 141 (52.6) | |
| Race | |||
| Asian | 7 (3.6) | 6 (2.2) | .54 |
| Black | 31 (15.8) | 51 (19.0) | |
| White | 116 (59.2) | 145 (54.1) | |
| Otherb | 28 (14.3) | 49 (18.3) | |
| Unknown | 14 (7.1) | 17 (6.3) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanicc | 33 (16.8) | 45 (16.8) | >.99 |
| Non-Hispanic | 163 (83.2) | 223 (83.2) | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current | 28 (14.3) | 47 (17.5) | .79 |
| Former | 50 (25.5) | 64 (23.9) | |
| Never | 106 (54.1) | 143 (53.4) | |
| Missing data | 12 (6.1) | 14 (5.2) | |
| Insurance type | |||
| Private | 38 (19.4) | 78 (29.1) | .05 |
| Public | 144 (73.5) | 171 (63.8) | |
| Self-pay | 14 (7.1) | 19 (7.1) | |
| Neighborhood poverty level, (below FPL)d | |||
| Very high (≥30%) | 11 (5.6) | 12 (4.5) | .56 |
| High (≥20%) | 28 (14.3) | 47 (17.5) | |
| Medium (≥10%) | 73 (37.2) | 87 (32.5) | |
| Low (<10%) | 83 (42.4) | 122 (45.5) | |
| Psychiatric diagnosis | |||
| Schizophrenia spectrum disordere | 91 (46.4) | 91 (34.0) | .007 |
| Bipolar disorder | 105 (53.6) | 177 (66.0) | |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 29.8 (25.8-34.0) | 28.2 (24.3-32.4) | .02 |
| Hypertension | 118 (60.2) | 142 (53) | .12 |
| Myocardial infarction | 17 (8.7) | 26 (9.7) | .71 |
| Diabetes | 72 (36.7) | 80 (29.9) | .12 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 63 (32.1) | 80 (29.9) | .60 |
| Obstructive lung disease | 72 (36.7) | 97 (36.2) | .91 |
| Inpatient visits, median (IQR), No. | 1 (0-2) | 1 (0-2) | .12 |
| Ambulatory visits, median (IQR), No. | 10 (2-28) | 10 (1-29) | .48 |
| Duration, median (IQR), y | 3.4 (1.0-4.8) | 3.5 (1.2-5.6) | .16 |
| Inpatient | 101 (51.5) | 118 (44) | .11 |
| Died | 21 (10.7) | 20 (7.5) | .22 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; FPL, federal poverty level; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); FPL, federal poverty level; IQR, interquartile range.
Reported P values for χ2 test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables and t test for continuous variables.
Other included Native American, multiple races, and other race by patient report.
Hispanic ethnicity included Chicano/Chicana, Costa Rican, Cuban, Dominican, Guatemalan, Hispanic/Latino, Honduran, Mexican, Mexican American, Nicaraguan, Salvadoran, South American, Spaniard.
Neighborhood poverty level was missing for 1 subject in the antipsychotic treatment group.
Includes diagnoses of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.