Table 6.

Partial Correlation with two control variables for aggregated data, including all regions of Italy, France and Spain.

Control Variables, Log GDP PC and Population Density	Log Import Export	LogICUs April 2020	LogICUs November 2020	LogICUs January 2021	LogHosped April_June 2020	LogHosped November 2020	LogHosped January 2021	Log Confirmed cases April_June 2020	Log Confirmed cases November 2020	Log Confirmed cases January 2021
Log Import Export	1.000	.873	.927	.849	.786	.912	.919	.781	.921	.939
Significance (2-tailed)	.	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001
Log ICUs April 2020	.873	1.000	.885	.914	.950	.846	.911	.942	.922	.923
Significance (2-tailed)	.001	.	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001
Log ICUs November 2020	.927	.885	1.000	.880	.797	.978	.947	.778	.962	.960
Significance (2-tailed)	.001	.001	.	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001
Log ICUs January 2021	.849	.914	.880	1.000	.884	.849	.962	.871	.902	.936
Significance (2-tailed)	.001	.001	.001	.	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001
Log Hosped April_June 2020	.786	.950	.797	.884	1.000	.776	.863	.979	.859	.864
Significance (2-tailed)	.001	.001	.001	.001	.	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001
Log Hosped November 2020	.912	.846	.978	.849	.776	1.000	.937	.755	.946	.949
Significance (2-tailed)	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.	.001	.001	.001	.001
og Hosped January 2021	.919	.911	.947	.962	.863	.937	1.000	.845	.945	.980
Significance (2-tailed)	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.	.001	.001	.001
Log Confirmed cases April_June 2020	.781	.942	.778	.871	.979	.755	.845	1.000	.839	.846
Significance (2-tailed)	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.	.001	.001
Log Confirmed cases November 2020	.921	.922	.962	.902	.859	.946	.945	.839	1.000	.981
Significance (2-tailed)	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.	.001
Log Confirmed cases January 2021	.939	.923	.960	.936	.864	.949	.980	.846	.981	1.000
Significance (2-tailed)	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.

Note: df = 48.