TABLE 3.
Virus nucleic acid detection in the nasopharynx or tonsils
| Virus | HBoV1‐DNA pos n = 25 | HBoV1‐DNA neg n = 118 | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nasopharynx | |||
| Rhinovirus | 19 (76%) | 49 (42%) | 0.002 |
| Human bocavirus 1 | 18 (72%) | ‐ | ‐ |
| Adenovirus | 8 (32%) | 6 (5%) | <0.001 |
| Enterovirus | 3 (12%) | 8 (7%) | 0.41 |
| Coronavirusa | 2 (8%) | 7 (6%) | 0.66 |
| Metapneumovirus | 1 (4%) | 1 (1%) | 0.32 |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | 1 (4%) | 1 (1%) | 0.32 |
| Influenza A or B virus | 0 (0%) | 2 (2%) | 1.0 |
| Parainfluenza virus types 1–3 | 0 (0%) | 3 (2%) | 1.0 |
| Two or more viruses | 18 (72%) | 11 (9%) | <0.001 |
| Tonsil | |||
| Human bocavirus 1 | 12 (48%) | ‐ | ‐ |
| Adenovirus | 5 (20%) | 7 (6%) | 0.037 |
| Enterovirus | 5 (20%) | 7 (6%) | 0.037 |
| Rhinovirus | 3 (12%) | 3 (2.5%) | 0.066 |
| Parainfluenza virus types 1–3 | 2 (8%) | 5 (4%) | 0.35 |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | 2 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.03 |
| Metapneumovirus | 1 (4%) | 1 (1%) | 0.32 |
| Coronavirusa | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 1.0 |
| Influenza A or B virus | 0 | 0 | ‐ |
| Two or more viruses | 8 (32%) | 3 (2.5%) | <0.001 |
| Nasopharynx and tonsil | |||
| Human bocavirus 1 | 5 (20%) | ‐ | ‐ |
| Enterovirus | 1 (4%) | 4 (3%) | 1.0 |
| Rhinovirus | 3 (12%) | 1 (1%) | 0.017 |
| Adenovirus | 2 (8%) | 0 | 0.03 |
| Coronavirusa | 0 | 1 (1%) | 1.0 |
| Influenza A or B virus | 0 | 0 | ‐ |
| Metapneumovirus | 0 | 0 | ‐ |
| Parainfluenza virus types 1–3 | 0 | 0 | ‐ |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | 0 | 0 | ‐ |
| Two or more viruses | 16 (64%) | 12 (10%) | <0.001 |
Note: Data are expressed as number of subjects (%). Differences between HBoV1 positive versus HBoV1 negative subjects were calculated with Chi square test or Fischer exact test (when counts <5).
a
Coronaviruses 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1.