Table 3.
Vaccine confidence by health information source, maternal, child, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics in Albania. Vaccine confidence among mothers of under-5- year-old children by health information source, maternal, child, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics in Albania. Crude odds ratios were estimated via simple logistic regression and adjusted odd s ratios were estimated via multivariable logistic regression
| Characteristic | Category | Mothers in each sub-group (N and %) |
Vaccine confidence (% and 95 CI) |
Crude odds ratio | Adjusted odd ratio | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-value (F-test) | AOR (95% CI) | p-value (t-test) | ||||
| Health information source | |||||||
| Internet/social media as main health information source | No | 1268 (70.6) | 94.3 (92.0, 95.9) | 1 | 0.019 | 1 | – |
| Yes | 527 (29.4) | 89.5 (84.9, 92.8) | 0.52 (0.30, 0.90) | 0.44 (0.27, 0.73) | 0.002 | ||
| Trusted source of information on vaccines | Healthcare workers | 1734 (96.6) | 93.2 (91.2, 94.7) | 1 | 0.093 | ||
| Traditional media | 19 (1.1) | 100 | – | ||||
| Internet/ social media | 32 (1.8) | 76.7 (44.2, 93.2) | 0.24 (0.06, 1.02) | ||||
| Family, other | 10 (0.5) | 83.6 (45.9, 96.8) | 0.37 (0.06, 2.27) | ||||
| Maternal | |||||||
| Age at birth (years) | < 25 | 594 (33.1) | 93.9 (90.9, 96.0) | 1 | 0.604 | ||
| 25–29 | 627 (35.0) | 92.3 (89.2, 94.6) | 0.78 (0.47, 1.28) | ||||
| ≥30 | 574 (32.0) | 92.6 (88.7, 95.2) | 0.81 (0.42, 1.55) | ||||
| Education | Higher | 454 (25.3) | 93.2 (88.7, 96.0) | 1 | 0.422 | ||
| Secondary | 464 (25.8) | 92.3 (86.7, 95.6) | 0.87 (0.38, 1.98) | ||||
| Primary | 862 (48.0) | 93.3 (90.9, 95.1) | 1.02 (0.53, 1.93) | ||||
| No | 15 (0.8) | 82.7 (58.5, 94.2) | 0.35 (0.09, 23.98) | ||||
| Marital status | Married/living with partner | 1768 (98.5) | 93.4 (91.8, 94.8) | 1 | 0.022 | 1 | – |
| Other - mother alone | 27 (1.5) | 59.7 (18.1, 90.8) | 0.10 (0.02, 0.72) | 0.08 (0.01, 0.65) | 0.019 | ||
| Sex of household head | Male | 1529 (85.2) | 92.8 (91.0, 94.4) | 1 | 0.889 | ||
| Female | 911 (14.8) | 93.4 (82.1, 97.7) | 1.08 (0.34, 3.46) | ||||
| Child | |||||||
| Gender | Male | 884 (42.3) | 93.3 (90.9, 95.0) | 1 | 0.697 | ||
| Female | 911 (50.7) | 92.6 (89.3, 94.9) | 0.90 (0.54, 1.50) | ||||
| Birth order | First | 779 (43.4) | 94.1 (92.0, 95.6) | 1 | 0.324 | ||
| Second | 661 (36.8) | 92.0 (88.9, 94.3) | 0.72 (0.47, 1.11) | ||||
| Third/more | 355 (19.8) | 92.1 (87.3, 95.2) | 0.73 (0.40, 1.36) | ||||
| Socioeconomic | |||||||
| Ethnicity | Albanian | 1734 (96.6) | 93.0 (91.0, 94.6) | 1 | 0.133 | 1 | – |
| Egyptian | 33 (1.8) | 96.4 (77.8, 99.5) | 2.00 (0.26, 15.40) | 2.05 (0.26, 16.22) | 0.496 | ||
| Other | 28 (1.6) | 82.8 (63.7, 93.0) | 0.36 (0.13, 1.05) | 0.39 (0.15, 0.97) | 0.042 | ||
| Religion | Muslim | 1492 (83.1) | 92.8 (90.1, 94.5) | 1 | 0.532 | ||
| Catholic | 191 (10.6) | 95.1 (87.4, 98.1) | 1.50 (0.52, 4.37) | ||||
| Other | 112 (6.2) | 90.4 (81.8, 95.2) | 0.73 (0.33, 1.62) | ||||
| Mother worked last 12 months | Not worked | 1228 (68.4) | 92.9 (90.5, 94.7) | 1 | 0.986 | ||
| Worked/partly worked | 567 (31.6) | 92.9 (89.0, 95.5) | 1.00 (0.56, 1.80) | ||||
| Household wealth | Poorest | 427 (23.8) | 91.9 (88.5, 94.4) | 1 | 0.376 | ||
| Poore | 372 (20.8) | 95.2 (92.5, 97.0) | 1.75 (0.97, 3.12) | ||||
| Middle | 352 (19.6) | 93.5 (89.4, 96.1) | 1.26 (0.64, 2.47) | ||||
| Richer | 348 (19.4) | 90.1 (82.0, 95.3) | 0.84 (0.36, 1.97) | ||||
| Richest | 296 (16.5) | 93.5 (87.8, 96.7) | 1.27 (0.57, 2.84) | ||||
| Education of partner | Higher | 256 (14.5) | 92.5 (85.4, 96.3) | 1 | 0.756 | ||
| Secondary | 633 (35.8) | 93.1 (90.2, 95.2) | 1.09 (0.46, 2.59) | ||||
| Primary | 854 (48.3) | 94.0 (91.7, 95.7) | 1.27 (0.56, 2.91) | ||||
| No | 26 (1.5) | 88.9 (67.3, 96.9) | 0.65 (0.14, 3.11) | ||||
| Partner worked last 12 months | Not worked/don’t know | 356 (20.1) | 95.6 (92.6, 97.4) | 1 | 0.117 | ||
| Worked/partly worked | 1413 (79.9) | 92.9 (90.9, 94.5) | 0.61 (0.33, 1.13) | ||||
| Geographic | |||||||
| Area of residence | Urban | 971 (54.1) | 94.0 (90.9, 96.1) | 1 | 0.196 | ||
| Rural | 824 (45.9) | 91.7 (89.1, 93.7) | 0.70 (0.41, 1.21) | ||||
| Prefecture | Tirane | 430 (24.0) | 92.5 (85.3, 96.4) | 1 | 0.004 | ||
| Berat | 78 (4.4) | 89.1 (82.3, 93.5) | 0.66 (0.26, 1.70) | ||||
| Diber | 123 (6.9) | 95.1 (91.4, 97.3) | 1.58 (0.60, 4.17) | ||||
| Durres | 221 (12.3) | 97.0 (91.6, 98.9) | 2.59 (0.69, 9.69) | ||||
| Elbasan | 188 (10.5) | 96.1 (89.9, 98.6) | 2.01 (0.56, 7.22) | ||||
| Fier | 185 (10.3) | 86.4 (78.8, 91.6) | 0.51 (0.20, 1.31) | ||||
| Gjirokaster | 32 (1.8) | 84.9 (74.3, 91.6) | 0.46 (0.17, 1.25) | ||||
| Korce | 127 (7.1) | 87.4 (78.7, 92.9) | 0.56 (0.21, 1.51) | ||||
| Kukes | 82 (4.6) | 95.8 (91.7, 97.9) | 1.82 (0.64, 5.18) | ||||
| Lezhe | 102 (5.7) | 95.4 (89.5, 98.0) | 1.68 (0.52, 5.42) | ||||
| Shkoder | 121 (6.7) | 94.6 (87.9, 97.7) | 1.41 (0.44, 4.51) | ||||
| Vlore | 106 (5.9) | 94.1 (88.3, 97.2) | 1.30 (0.44, 3.80) | ||||
| Region | AL01-Veri | 649 (36.1) | 95.8 (93.7, 97.2) | 1 | 0.0002 | 1 | – |
| AL02-Qender | 618 (34.4) | 93.6 (88.4, 96.5) | 0.65 (0.30, 1.40) | 0.71 (0.33, 1.50) | 0.367 | ||
| AL03-Jug | 528 (29.4) | 88.5 (85.0, 91.3) | 0.34 (0.20, 0.57) | 0.33 (0.19, 0.59) | < 0.0001 | ||