Table 4.

Provider-provider communication

EMS “...the doctors or staff who don’t speak Malayalam language, it's very difficult to communicate with them.”

Resident “My colleagues do understand my language completely, but the nursing staffs sometimes don't understand me. They have to work for me, like two weeks or something, then they get to understand what I am saying”

Nurse “Sometimes lack of confidence to speak into, because if we don’t know English, we may hesitate to speak in English to the person who knows English”