Table 3.
Mean (SD) mast cell mediator release syndrome scores (total score, cumulative severity, and system count), combined mast cell activation and Long-COVID symptom count, fatigue, and quality of life scores.
| Score, mean (SD) | Controls | Pre-COVID-19 Long-COVID Participants | Post-COVID-19 Long-COVID Participants | MCAS Patients Rating Prior to Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MCMRS | ||||
| Score | 9.7 (8.3) | 11.4 (7.5) | 21.1 (6.3)B | 20.1 (8.0) |
| MCMRS cumulative severity | 47.9 (66.6) | 47.2 (43.0) | 154.1 (67.9)B | 161.0 (94.3) |
| MCMRS system count | 5.3 (2.8) | 6.1 (2.3)A | 8.3 (1.4)B | 8.0 (2.1) |
| MC activation and LC symptom count | 10.2 (8.6) | 11.6 (7.7) | 22.0 (6.6)B | 20.4 (8.4) |
| Fatigue assessment scale score | 18.2 (7.7) | 16.6 (6.4) | 34.5 (10.7)B | 31.2 (11.8) |
| Quality of life score | 75.4 (20.2) | 75.6 (16.6) | 40.5 (21.7)B | 56.6 (21.1)C |
A
Significantly different from controls.
B
Significantly different from pre-COVID-19 Long-COVID.
C
Significantly different from post-COVID-19 Long-COVID.
Abbreviations: LC, Long-COVID; MC, mast cell; MCMRS, mast cell mediator release syndrome; MCAS, mast cell activation syndrome; N, number; SD, standard deviation.